College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous Rural Areas of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 16;19(24):16904. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416904.
Rocky desertification is a key element affecting regional ecological quality. Rocky desertification in Southwest China directly affects the ecological security of the Yangtze River and Pearl River basins and also restricts regional economic and social development. In order to clarify the evolution laws and key influencing factors of ecological quality in Yunnan karst rocky desertification areas, a quantitative analysis based on the remote sensing-based ecological index (RSEI) model was conducted to explore the overall evolution characteristics and change laws of ecological quality in Yunnan karst rocky desertification areas in the past 30 years. The correlation between RSEI, rock outcrop rate (Fr), and driving factors was determined by redundancy analysis. The results showed the following: (1) RSEI in Yunnan karst rocky desertification areas generally showed a decreasing trend, with a fluctuation in the mid-term, followed by a tendency to recover. It fell into three stages: decline, trough, and recovery, with fitting coefficients of -0.121, -0.057, and 0.157, respectively. In contrast, Fr showed an opposite tendency, illustrating the inverse relationship between RSEI and Fr, and the rate of sequential succession was much faster than that of the reverse succession under human measures of intervention. (2) The mean value of RSEI of Yunnan karst rocky desertification areas was generally lower than that of the total Yunnan Province land areas and Yunnan non-karst rocky desertification areas, but the mean value of Fr was generally more than that of both the above-mentioned areas. In addition, the RSEI and Fr of Yunnan karst rocky desertification areas both showed lower stability values than those of both the above-mentioned areas. This generally suggested a low ecological quality and a high degree of desertification under a low stability in Yunnan karst rocky desertification areas. (3) The correlation of RSEI and Fr with driving factors followed the order of topographic factors, soil factors > water factors > anthropogenic factors. Anthropogenic factors were the driving force changing the state of rocky desertification, geological factors such as topography and soil to a larger extent determined the original macroscopic ecological relationship of rocky desertification, and water factors lay between the above two. The findings of this research will provide theoretical support and a basis for the improvement of ecological quality and comprehensive control of karst rocky desertification in Yunnan Province.
石漠化是影响区域生态质量的关键要素。中国西南地区的石漠化直接影响长江和珠江流域的生态安全，也制约着区域经济社会发展。为了厘清云南喀斯特石漠化地区生态质量演变规律及其关键影响因子，本研究基于遥感生态指数（RSEI）模型，采用定量分析方法，探讨了近 30 年来云南喀斯特石漠化地区生态质量的整体演变特征及其变化规律。采用冗余分析（RDA）确定 RSEI 与岩性出露率（Fr）及其驱动因子之间的相关性。结果表明：（1）云南喀斯特石漠化地区的 RSEI 普遍呈下降趋势，中期有波动，后期呈恢复趋势。其分为下降、低谷和恢复三个阶段，拟合系数分别为-0.121、-0.057 和 0.157。相比之下，Fr 呈现相反的趋势，表明 RSEI 与 Fr 呈负相关，且在人为干预措施下，正向演替的速率远快于逆向演替。（2）云南喀斯特石漠化地区的 RSEI 平均值普遍低于云南省总面积和云南省非喀斯特石漠化地区的平均值，而 Fr 的平均值普遍高于上述两个地区。此外，云南喀斯特石漠化地区的 RSEI 和 Fr 的稳定性值均低于上述两个地区。这表明云南喀斯特石漠化地区的生态质量较低，沙漠化程度较高，稳定性较低。（3）RSEI 和 Fr 与驱动因子的相关性顺序为地形因子、土壤因子>水因子>人为因子。人为因素是改变石漠化状态的驱动力，地形和土壤等地质因素在更大程度上决定了石漠化的原始宏观生态关系，而水因素则介于两者之间。本研究结果可为云南省石漠化综合治理和生态质量提升提供理论支撑和依据。
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