精神病法医患者与非精神病监禁者大脑灰质差异：基于体素的形态计量学研究。
Brain gray matter differences among forensic psychiatric patients with psychosis and incarcerated individuals without psychosis: A source-based morphometry study.
机构信息
Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Violence Prevention Neurobiological Research Unit, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
出版信息
Neuroimage Clin. 2021;30:102673. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102673. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
BACKGROUND
While psychosis is a risk factor for violence, the majority of individuals who perpetrate aggression do not present psychotic symptoms. Pathological aggressive behavior is associated with brain gray matter differences, which, in turn, has shown a relationship with increased psychopathic traits. However, no study, to our knowledge, has ever investigated gray matter differences in forensic psychiatric patients with psychosis compared with incarcerated individuals without psychosis matched on levels of psychopathic traits. Here, we employed source-based morphometry (SBM) to investigate gray matter differences in these two populations.
METHODS
We scanned 137 participants comprising two offender subgroups: 69, non-psychotic incarcerated offenders and 68, psychotic, forensic psychiatric patients. Groups showed no difference in age, race, ethnicity, handedness, and Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised scores. Source-based morphometry was utilized to identify spatially distinct sets of brain regions where gray matter volumes covaried between groups. SBM is a data-driven, multivariate technique that uses independent components analysis to categorize groups of voxels that display similar variance patterns (e.g., components) that are compared across groups.
RESULTS
SBM identified four components that differed between groups. These findings indicated greater loading weights in the superior, transverse, and middle temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate in the non-psychotic versus psychotic group; greater loading weights in the basal ganglia in the psychotic versus non-psychotic group; greater loading weights in the frontal pole, precuneus, and visual cortex among psychotic versus non-psychotic offenders; and greater loading weights in the thalamus and parahippocampal gyrus in psychotic versus non-psychotic groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Two different offender groups that perpetrate violence and show comparable levels of psychopathic traits evidenced different gray matter volumes. We suggest that future studies of violent offenders with psychosis take psychopathic traits into account to refine neural phenotypes.
背景
虽然精神病是暴力的一个风险因素，但大多数实施攻击行为的人并没有出现精神病症状。病理性攻击行为与大脑灰质差异有关，而大脑灰质差异又与增加的精神病特征有关。然而，据我们所知，没有一项研究调查过有精神病的法医精神病患者与没有精神病但具有相同精神病特征水平的被监禁者相比，大脑灰质的差异。在这里，我们采用基于源的形态测量学（SBM）来研究这两个人群的灰质差异。
方法
我们扫描了 137 名参与者，包括两个罪犯亚组：69 名非精神病罪犯和 68 名精神病法医精神病患者。两组在年龄、种族、民族、惯用手和 Hare 精神病检查表修订版分数方面没有差异。基于源的形态测量学用于识别灰质体积在组间协变的空间上不同的脑区集。SBM 是一种数据驱动的、多变量的技术，它使用独立成分分析将显示相似方差模式（例如，成分）的体素分组，并在组间进行比较。
结果
SBM 确定了两组之间存在差异的四个成分。这些发现表明，非精神病组的额上、额横、中颞回和前扣带回的负荷权重较大；精神病组的基底节的负荷权重较大；精神病组的额极、楔前叶和视觉皮层的负荷权重较大；而精神病组的丘脑和海马旁回的负荷权重较大。
结论
实施暴力且表现出相似精神病特征水平的两个不同罪犯群体表现出不同的灰质体积。我们建议，未来对有精神病的暴力罪犯的研究应考虑精神病特征，以完善神经表型。
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