Mirouze J, Monnier L, Granier M P, Borderies A, Gauthier N
Sem Hop. 1979;55(1-2):7-13.
Dietary and drug treatments of calcium nephrolithiasis depend mainly on the mineral composition of renal stones: calcium oxalate, phosphate or mixed stones. The association with an hypercalciuria is an important factor which must be taken into account because oxalates and phosphates precipitate as calcium crystals in case of urinnary oversaturation. Despite many therapies have been proposed, their efficiency seems to be rather small when they are used alone. Usually, it is necessary to act on several factors with a combination of therapeutic methods. Absorptive hypercalciuria are improved with both low calcium diets and inhibitors of calcium absorption. In renal hypercalciuria, the treatment is based on the administration of thiazide diuretics which enhance calcium renal tubular reabsorption. The other therapeutic methods depend on the nature of renal stones: urinary acidification for calcium phosphate; administration of succinimide, oral phosphate or organic phosphonates for calcium oxalate stones; association with purine biosynthesis inhibitors in case of the presence of urates in renal calculi.
草酸钙、磷酸盐或混合结石。伴有高钙尿症是一个必须考虑的重要因素，因为在尿液过饱和的情况下，草酸盐和磷酸盐会以钙晶体的形式沉淀。尽管已经提出了许多治疗方法，但单独使用时其效果似乎相当有限。通常，有必要通过多种治疗方法综合作用于多个因素。吸收性高钙尿症可通过低钙饮食和钙吸收抑制剂得到改善。在肾性高钙尿症中，治疗基于使用噻嗪类利尿剂，其可增强肾小管对钙的重吸收。其他治疗方法取决于肾结石的性质：对于磷酸钙结石采用尿液酸化；对于草酸钙结石使用琥珀酰亚胺、口服磷酸盐或有机膦酸盐；如果肾结石中存在尿酸盐，则联合使用嘌呤生物合成抑制剂。
