Mbiandjeu Serge, Balduini Alessandra, Malara Alessandro
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Thromb Haemost. 2022 May;122(5):666-678. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1731717. Epub 2021 Jul 4.
Thrombopoiesis governs the formation of blood platelets in bone marrow by converting megakaryocytes into long, branched proplatelets on which individual platelets are assembled. The megakaryocyte cytoskeleton responds to multiple microenvironmental cues, including chemical and mechanical stimuli, sustaining the platelet shedding. During the megakaryocyte's life cycle, cytoskeletal networks organize cell shape and content, connect them physically and biochemically to the bone marrow vascular niche, and enable the release of platelets into the bloodstream. While the basic building blocks of the cytoskeleton have been studied extensively, new sets of cytoskeleton regulators have emerged as critical components of the dynamic protein network that supports platelet production. Understanding how the interaction of individual molecules of the cytoskeleton governs megakaryocyte behavior is essential to improve knowledge of platelet biogenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies for inherited thrombocytopenias caused by alterations in the cytoskeletal genes.
血小板生成通过将巨核细胞转化为长的、分支状的前血小板来控制骨髓中血小板的形成，单个血小板在这些前血小板上组装。巨核细胞的细胞骨架对多种微环境信号作出反应，包括化学和机械刺激，维持血小板的脱落。在巨核细胞的生命周期中，细胞骨架网络组织细胞形状和内容物，将它们在物理和生化上连接到骨髓血管微环境，并使血小板释放到血液中。虽然细胞骨架的基本组成部分已得到广泛研究，但新的细胞骨架调节因子已成为支持血小板生成的动态蛋白质网络的关键组成部分。了解细胞骨架单个分子之间的相互作用如何控制巨核细胞行为，对于增进对血小板生物发生的认识以及开发针对由细胞骨架基因改变引起的遗传性血小板减少症的新治疗策略至关重要。
