Han Bingfeng, Liu Hanyu, Zhao Tianshuo, Liu Bei, Zheng Hui, Wan Yongmei, Cui Fuqiang
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jun 16;12:658571. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658571. eCollection 2021.
COVID-19 broke out in China and spread rapidly in January and February 2020. Following the prevention and control measures of the Chinese government, the outbreak was gradually brought under control after March. The changes in people's attention to the epidemic, individual prevention practice and psychological effect from the early outbreak stage to the under controlled stage need to be evaluated.
Two cross-sectional, population-based online surveys were conducted from January 28 to February 1, 2020 and from February1 to March 18, 2020. Socio-demographic information and individual protective practice were collected and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used for measuring anxiety. The range of STAI score was 5-25, and the higher the score, the more anxious it was. The respondents of the two surveys were matched on a one-to-one basis according to their province, gender, age, education, and marriage. Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare STAI score changes in two stages and in different demographic characteristics.
We included 9,764 individuals in the first survey and 1,669 in the second survey, covering 30 provincial administrative regions in Mainland China. COVID-19 has affected almost every aspect of people's normal life, especially lifestyle. The proportion of people who paid attention to it every day had dropped from 97.6 to 88.9%. We identified that vast majority people wore masks when they went out. The proportion has declined from 96.5 to 92.4% for hand hygiene and from 98.4 to 95.3% for not attending parties. People's anxiety (STAI score) across the country has decreased from a median of 19 in the early outbreak stage to a median of 12, including people with all demographic characteristics, but some have increased in 16 provinces.
People's attention to information about the epidemic has declined slightly, but a high proportion of people maintained good practices such as wearing masks, hand hygiene, and not attending parties. People's anxiety had generally declined from the early outbreak stage to the under controlled stage, but it was still at a high level.
2020年1月和2月，新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）在中国爆发并迅速传播。在中国政府的防控措施下，3月之后疫情逐渐得到控制。需要评估从疫情早期爆发阶段到得到控制阶段，人们对疫情的关注、个人预防措施以及心理影响的变化。
于2020年1月28日至2月1日以及2020年2月1日至3月18日进行了两项基于人群的横断面在线调查。收集了社会人口学信息和个人防护措施，并使用状态-特质焦虑问卷（STAI）测量焦虑程度。STAI得分范围为5-25分，得分越高，焦虑程度越高。两项调查的受访者按省份、性别、年龄、教育程度和婚姻状况进行一对一匹配。采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验和Mann-Whitney检验比较两个阶段以及不同人口学特征的STAI得分变化。
第一次调查纳入9764人，第二次调查纳入1669人，覆盖中国大陆30个省级行政区。COVID-19几乎影响了人们正常生活的方方面面，尤其是生活方式。每天关注疫情的人群比例从97.6%降至88.9%。我们发现绝大多数人外出时会佩戴口罩。手部卫生措施的比例从96.5%降至92.4%，不参加聚会的比例从98.4%降至95.3%。全国范围内人们的焦虑情绪（STAI得分）从疫情早期爆发阶段的中位数19降至中位数12，所有人口学特征的人群均如此，但16个省份的部分人群焦虑情绪有所增加。
人们对疫情信息的关注度略有下降，但仍有很大比例的人保持着佩戴口罩、手部卫生和不参加聚会等良好做法。从疫情早期爆发阶段到得到控制阶段，人们的焦虑情绪总体有所下降，但仍处于较高水平。
