Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand 263136, India.
Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263001, India.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2022;22(1):115-142. doi: 10.2174/1871520621666210322094647.
Lichens are a composite consortium of a fungus and an alga. The symbiotic organisms are naturally equipped with distinct characteristics as compared to constituting organisms separately. Lichens, due to their peculiar anatomy and physiology, are the reservoir of more than 600 unique secondary metabolites, also known as 'lichen substances'. Since ancient times, many ethnic groups from various parts of the world have known about the applications of lichens as major provenance of food/fodder, medicine, dyes, spices, perfumes, etc. Lichen substances have shown impressive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-tumor, and antiinflammatory activities under experimental conditions. Usnic acid, a well-known metabolite found in several species of lichens, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has significant antiproliferative potential, as revealed through testing in different cancer cell lines. Atranorin, Lecanoric acid, Norstictic acid, Lobaric acid, Stictic acid, Ramalin, Gyrophoric acid, Salazinic acid, Protolichesterinic, and Fumarprotocetraric acid are some of the other purified lichen-metabolites with potent anti-cancer activities.
This study presents an overview of lichen-derived extracts and compounds showing anti-cancer (or related) properties.
The review comprehends different studies (in vivo and in vitro) backing up the possibility of lichenextracts and metabolites towards their use as antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and Epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) -inhibiting agents.
Various studies carried out to date show that lichen-extracts and metabolites have a range of anti-cancer and related properties that include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and the potential of inhibition of cancer-associated EMT that is responsible for drug resistance and metastasis of cancer cells in a substantial proportion of cases.
Lichens are the repertoire of a plethora of lichen-metabolites with significant anti-cancer potential. However, some of the critical 'anti-cancer related' properties, such as the ability of EMT-inhibition and the potential of induction of apoptosis, are relatively less studied for several lichen compounds. Additionally, many lichen compounds need to be purified at a larger scale to explore their anti-cancer potential.
地衣是真菌和藻类共生的复合物。与单独的组成生物相比，共生生物具有独特的特征。由于其特殊的解剖结构和生理学特性，地衣是 600 多种独特次生代谢物（也称为“地衣物质”）的储存库。自古以来，来自世界各地的许多民族都知道地衣作为食物/饲料、药物、染料、香料、香水等的主要来源的应用。在实验条件下，地衣物质表现出令人印象深刻的抗氧化、抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤和抗炎活性。地衣酸是几种地衣中发现的一种著名代谢物，具有强大的抗氧化和抗炎活性。它还具有显著的抗增殖潜力，这是通过在不同的癌细胞系中进行测试得出的。松萝酸、冰岛衣酸、去甲环石松酸、落叶松酸、石松酸、拉马林、鹿皮酸、水杨酸、原壳质烯酸和富马原贝壳杉酸是其他具有潜在抗癌活性的纯化地衣代谢物。
本研究综述了具有抗癌（或相关）特性的地衣衍生提取物和化合物。
综述包括不同的研究（体内和体外），支持地衣提取物和代谢物作为抗氧化剂、抗增殖剂、抗炎剂和上皮-间充质转化（EMT）抑制剂的可能性。
迄今为止进行的各种研究表明，地衣提取物和代谢物具有一系列抗癌和相关特性，包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗增殖、促凋亡，以及抑制癌症相关 EMT 的潜力，这是导致癌细胞耐药性和转移的原因。在很大一部分情况下。
地衣是具有显著抗癌潜力的多种地衣代谢物的宝库。然而，一些关键的“抗癌相关”特性，如 EMT 抑制能力和诱导凋亡的潜力，对于几种地衣化合物的研究相对较少。此外，许多地衣化合物需要在更大的规模上进行纯化，以探索它们的抗癌潜力。
