The emerging role of WWP1 in cancer development and progression.

Emerging evidence demonstrates that WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) participates into carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this review article, we will describe the association between dysregulated WWP1 expression and clinical features of cancer patients. Moreover, we summarize the both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of WWP1 in a variety of human cancers. Furthermore, we briefly describe the downstream substrates of WWP1 and its upstream factors to regulate the expression of WWP1. Notably, targeting WWP1 by its inhibitors or natural compounds is potentially useful for treating human malignancies. Finally, we provide the perspectives regarding WWP1 in cancer development and therapies. We hope this review can stimulate the research to improve our understanding of WWP1-mediated tumorigenesis and accelerate the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies via targeting WWP1 expression in cancers.