Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Agri Training and Research Hospital, Agri, Turkey.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 64036Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021 Oct;26(4):1137-1152. doi: 10.1177/13591045211030665. Epub 2021 Jul 8.
Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is considered as a cognitive-emotional style. Theory of mind (ToM) skills form the basis of human cognition and social behavior. The aim of this study is to contribute to SCT literature by examining the relationship between SCT and cognitive and affective ToM in school-age children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Fifty school-age children with ADHD (43 boys and seven girls) and 40 typically developing children (34 boys and six girls) were assessed using Parent-rated Barkley Child Attention Scale and Child Behavior Checklist/6-18, cognitive (first- and second-order ToM) and affective ToM (Reading Mind in the Eyes Test and Unexpected Outcomes Test (UOT)) tests. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the variables that may predict SCT levels in children with ADHD. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder-inattention (Exp(B) = .334, = .027), internalization (Exp(B) = .305, = .006), and UOT scores (Exp(B) = .933, = .015) significantly predicted SCT severity in children with ADHD. SCT severity was significantly associated with impaired cognitive ToM skills as measured by second-order ToM (Exp(B) = 1.933, = .045). Our findings may indicate that affective ToM developing with age, and impaired cognitive ToM skills are associated with increasing SCT severity.
迟钝的认知节奏（SCT）被认为是一种认知-情绪风格。心理理论（ToM）技能是人类认知和社会行为的基础。本研究的目的是通过检查注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）学龄儿童的 SCT 与认知和情感 ToM 之间的关系，为 SCT 文献做出贡献。使用父母评定的 Barkley 儿童注意量表和儿童行为检查表/6-18，对 50 名患有 ADHD 的学龄儿童（43 名男孩和 7 名女孩）和 40 名正常发育的儿童（34 名男孩和 6 名女孩）进行评估，认知（一阶和二阶 ToM）和情感 ToM（阅读眼睛测试和意外结果测试（UOT））。进行多元线性回归分析，以确定可能预测 ADHD 儿童 SCT 水平的变量。注意力缺陷多动障碍-注意力不集中（Exp（B）=.334，=.027）、内化（Exp（B）=.305，=.006）和 UOT 分数（Exp（B）=.933，=.015）显著预测了 ADHD 儿童的 SCT 严重程度。SCT 严重程度与二阶 ToM 测量的认知 ToM 技能受损显著相关（Exp（B）=1.933，=.045）。我们的研究结果可能表明，随着年龄的增长，情感 ToM 发育受损，以及认知 ToM 技能受损与 SCT 严重程度的增加有关。
