Institute for Psychological Research and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Schubertstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2021 Dec;28(6):2057-2063. doi: 10.3758/s13423-021-01969-y. Epub 2021 Jul 8.
Attitudes (or opinions, preferences, biases, stereotypes) can be considered bindings of the perceptual features of the attitudes' object to affective codes with positive or negative connotations, which effectively renders them "event files" in terms of the Theory of Event Coding. We tested a particularly interesting implication of this theoretical account: that affective codes might "migrate" from one event file to another (i.e., effectively function as a component of one while actually being part of another), if the two files overlap in terms of other features. We tested this feature-migration hypothesis by having participants categorize pictures of fictitious outer space characters as members of two fictitious races by pressing a left or right key, and to categorize positive and negative pictures of the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) as positive and negative by using the same two keys. When the outer space characters were later rated for likability, members of the race that was categorized by means of the same key as positive IAPS pictures were liked significantly more than members of the race that was categorized with the same key as negative IAPS pictures - suggesting that affective feature codes from the event files for the IAPS pictures effectively acted as an ingredient of event files for the outer space characters that shared the same key. These findings were fully replicated in a second experiment in which the two races were replaced by two unfamiliar fonts. These outcomes are consistent with the claim that attitudes, opinions, and preferences are represented in terms of event files and created by feature binding.
态度（或意见、偏好、偏见、刻板印象）可以被认为是将态度对象的感知特征绑定到具有积极或消极内涵的情感代码上，这在事件编码理论中有效地将其表示为“事件文件”。我们测试了这个理论观点的一个特别有趣的含义：如果两个文件在其他特征上重叠，那么情感代码可能会“从一个事件文件迁移到另一个事件文件”（即，实际上是另一个文件的一部分，而有效作为其一部分）。我们通过让参与者通过按下左或右键将虚构的外太空角色的图片分类为两个虚构种族的成员，并使用相同的两个键将国际情感图片系统（IAPS）的正性和负性图片分类为正性和负性，来测试这种特征迁移假设。当后来对外太空角色的可喜爱程度进行评分时，通过与正性 IAPS 图片相同的键进行分类的种族的成员比通过与负性 IAPS 图片相同的键进行分类的种族的成员更受喜爱 - 这表明来自 IAPS 图片的事件文件的情感特征代码实际上是共享相同键的外太空角色的事件文件的一个成分。在第二个实验中，用两个不熟悉的字体替换了两个种族，这些发现得到了完全复制。这些结果与态度、意见和偏好是根据事件文件表示并通过特征绑定创建的观点一致。
