Asban Shahaf, Dorfman Konstantin E, Mukamel Shaul
Department of Chemistry and Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
J Chem Phys. 2021 Jun 7;154(21):210901. doi: 10.1063/5.0047776.
We survey the inclusion of interferometric elements in nonlinear spectroscopy performed with quantum light. Controlled interference of electromagnetic fields coupled to matter can induce constructive or destructive contributions of microscopic coupling sequences (histories) of matter. Since quantum fields do not commute, quantum light signals are sensitive to the order of light-matter coupling sequences. Matter correlation functions are thus imprinted by different field factors, which depend on that order. We identify the associated quantum information obtained by controlling the weights of different contributing pathways and offer several experimental schemes for recovering it. Nonlinear quantum response functions include out-of-time-ordering matter correlators (OTOCs), which reveal how perturbations spread throughout a quantum system (information scrambling). Their effect becomes most notable when using ultrafast pulse sequences with respect to the path difference induced by the interferometer. OTOCs appear in quantum-informatics studies in other fields, including black hole, high energy, and condensed matter physics.
我们研究了在利用量子光进行的非线性光谱学中干涉元件的纳入情况。与物质耦合的电磁场的受控干涉可以诱导物质微观耦合序列（历史）的相长或相消贡献。由于量子场不对易，量子光信号对光 - 物质耦合序列的顺序敏感。因此，物质关联函数由不同的场因子印记，这些场因子取决于该顺序。我们确定了通过控制不同贡献路径的权重获得的相关量子信息，并提供了几种恢复它的实验方案。非线性量子响应函数包括时序错乱物质关联函数（OTOCs），它揭示了微扰如何在量子系统中传播（信息扰乱）。当使用超快脉冲序列相对于干涉仪引起的路径差时，它们的效应最为显著。OTOCs出现在包括黑洞、高能和凝聚态物理等其他领域的量子信息研究中。
