Fischer Will, Giorgi Elena E, Chakraborty Srirupa, Nguyen Kien, Bhattacharya Tanmoy, Theiler James, Goloboff Pablo A, Yoon Hyejin, Abfalterer Werner, Foley Brian T, Tegally Houriiyah, San James Emmanuel, de Oliveira Tulio, Gnanakaran Sandrasegaram, Korber Bette
T-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA; New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
T-6: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA; Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Jul 14;29(7):1093-1110. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.05.012. Epub 2021 Jun 3.
Humanity is currently facing the challenge of two devastating pandemics caused by two very different RNA viruses: HIV-1, which has been with us for decades, and SARS-CoV-2, which has swept the world in the course of a single year. The same evolutionary strategies that drive HIV-1 evolution are at play in SARS-CoV-2. Single nucleotide mutations, multi-base insertions and deletions, recombination, and variation in surface glycans all generate the variability that, guided by natural selection, enables both HIV-1's extraordinary diversity and SARS-CoV-2's slower pace of mutation accumulation. Even though SARS-CoV-2 diversity is more limited, recently emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants carry Spike mutations that have important phenotypic consequences in terms of both antibody resistance and enhanced infectivity. We review and compare how these mutational patterns manifest in these two distinct viruses to provide the variability that fuels their evolution by natural selection.
人类目前正面临着由两种截然不同的RNA病毒引发的两场毁灭性大流行的挑战：一种是与我们共存数十年的HIV-1，另一种是在短短一年内席卷全球的SARS-CoV-2。驱动HIV-1进化的相同进化策略也在SARS-CoV-2中发挥作用。单核苷酸突变、多碱基插入和缺失、重组以及表面聚糖的变异都会产生变异性，在自然选择的引导下，这种变异性使HIV-1具有非凡的多样性，也使SARS-CoV-2的突变积累速度较慢。尽管SARS-CoV-2的多样性较为有限，但最近出现的SARS-CoV-2变体携带的刺突蛋白突变在抗体抗性和增强传染性方面都具有重要的表型后果。我们回顾并比较了这些突变模式在这两种不同病毒中的表现方式，以提供推动它们通过自然选择进化的变异性。
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