Wang Mengya, Huang Tao, Wong David C, Ho Kin Fai, Dong Guanghui, Yim Steve H L
Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
Computational Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Hong Kong, China.
J Clean Prod. 2021 Aug 20;312(20):127533. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127533.
While levels of particulate matters in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRD) show a significant reduction, ozone (O) has an opposite increasing trend, becoming the critical air quality target in this decade. Emission control strategies are typically formulated sector by sector, spatial variability in emissions reductions and health impacts of air pollutants may not be taken into account, affecting the overall effectiveness of control strategies. This study proposes an adjoint-based optimization framework to facilitate health-oriented O control over PRD. The location-specific adjoint sensitivity coefficients, which reflect the spatiotemporal influences from emissions of nitrogen dioxide (NO) on O health impacts, are combined with metaheuristic algorithms to minimize the O-related premature mortalities over receptor regions. Using the proposed optimization methodology, the regional O health benefits under current emission reduction policy can be increased by 16-27%. The results show that relatively larger NO emissions reductions occurred at highly developed and populated areas. Particularly, significant reductions in NO emissions are observed at Shenzhen and urban Guangzhou. Furthermore, implementing regional NO emissions abatement has advantages to achieve an overall O health benefits for all cities. The interregional influences of NO emissions abatement between cities indicate a promising strategy of health-oriented O control in PRD.
虽然珠江三角洲地区（PRD）的颗粒物水平显著下降，但臭氧（O）却呈现出相反的上升趋势，成为这十年关键的空气质量指标。排放控制策略通常是按部门制定的，可能未考虑到减排的空间变异性以及空气污染物对健康的影响，从而影响了控制策略的整体效果。本研究提出了一个基于伴随的优化框架，以促进针对珠江三角洲地区以健康为导向的臭氧控制。反映二氧化氮（NO）排放对臭氧健康影响的时空影响的特定地点伴随敏感性系数，与元启发式算法相结合，以尽量减少受体区域与臭氧相关的过早死亡人数。使用所提出的优化方法，当前减排政策下的区域臭氧健康效益可提高16%至27%。结果表明，高度发达和人口密集地区的二氧化氮排放量相对降幅较大。特别是，深圳和广州城区的二氧化氮排放量显著减少。此外，实施区域二氧化氮减排有利于为所有城市实现整体臭氧健康效益。城市间二氧化氮减排的区域间影响表明了珠江三角洲地区以健康为导向的臭氧控制的一个有前景的策略。
