Hibbard J H, Pope C R
University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.
Women Health. 1987;12(2):85-102. doi: 10.1300/J013v12n02_06.
This study examines the characteristics of jobs held by women as compared to men during the 1970s and assesses associations between job characteristics and family status with health status by sex. Sex differences in perceptions about the meaning of work, commitment to the work role, and stresses and rewards are considered. Survey data on 1490 employed men and women, ages 18-64, drawn from a random sample of enrollees of a large health maintenance organization in 1970-71 are linked with medical record data covering seven years of outpatient and inpatient services. The findings suggest important differences in the characteristics of jobs held by men and women and in the relative importance of these job characteristics in relation to health. Men held jobs with higher quality intrinsic work characteristics and perceived their jobs to be less stressful and less physically and mentally tiring than did women. Social support and integration through work and occupational status were significantly related to health status for both sexes, however, family responsibilities interact with job characteristics to affect health status for women. Single motherhood, in combination with low social support and integration through work, was related to poor health among women.
本研究考察了20世纪70年代女性与男性所从事工作的特点，并按性别评估了工作特点、家庭状况与健康状况之间的关联。研究考虑了在工作意义认知、对工作角色的投入以及压力和回报方面的性别差异。1970 - 1971年从一家大型健康维护组织的随机参保样本中抽取的1490名年龄在18 - 64岁的在职男性和女性的调查数据，与涵盖七年门诊和住院服务的医疗记录数据相关联。研究结果表明，男性和女性所从事工作的特点存在重要差异，且这些工作特点相对于健康的相对重要性也有所不同。男性所从事的工作具有更高质量的内在工作特点，并且他们认为自己的工作压力更小，在身体和精神上的疲惫程度也低于女性。然而，通过工作获得的社会支持和融入以及职业地位与两性的健康状况都显著相关，家庭责任与工作特点相互作用，影响女性的健康状况。单身母亲身份，再加上通过工作获得的社会支持低且融入度低，与女性健康状况不佳有关。
