Bashirian Saeed, Barati Majid, Karami Manoochehr, Hamzeh Behrooz, Afshari Maryam, Ezati Elahe
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
Int J Prev Med. 2021 Mar 10;12:25. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_116_20. eCollection 2021.
The present study aimed to assess the determinants of waterpipe smoking among women based on a systematic review regarding the increasing prevalence of waterpipe smoking in women and the tendency of them to this type of tobacco.
The present study was a systematic review. The search strategies were based on using a combination of MeSH and free-text terms. Searches were performed inIranian databasesand PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and Medline. Databases inclusion criteria included articles and gray literature in English or Persian, published between January 2000 and December 2018. The keywords were related to women and waterpipe and related terms. The quality of the articles was assessed using the EPHPP tool.
In the initial search, out of 1027 articles, 15 articles were studied. Inclusion criteria in this study were the target population of women and girl and descriptive and qualitative studies on waterpipe use among women. The mean prevalence of waterpipe smoking in quantitative studies was 13.980/0. Studies have shown that waterpipe smoking in women is influenced by several individual (awareness, favorable attitudes, and positive prototype), interpersonal (role of family and friends), and socio-political factors.
Due to the influence of various determinants on women's inclination to waterpipe smoking, there is a necessity to act and impose interventions such as lessening women's favorable attitude toward waterpipe, increasing women's awareness, encouraging negative prototype about waterpipe smoking, and restricting access to tobacco products that can be useful. Interpersonal factors such as the role of family and friends are one of the major determinants in waterpipe smoking. It seems that developing the skill of saying "no" to the pressure of friends can help prevent waterpipe use. Furthermore, educating the family about the risks of waterpipe use is an effective strategy in this respect.
本研究旨在基于一项系统评价评估女性水烟吸食的决定因素，该评价涉及女性水烟吸食患病率的上升以及她们对这种烟草类型的倾向。
本研究为一项系统评价。检索策略基于医学主题词表（MeSH）和自由文本词的组合。检索在伊朗数据库以及PubMed、ScienceDirect、科学网、EMBASE、Scopus和Medline中进行。数据库纳入标准包括2000年1月至2018年12月期间发表的英文或波斯文文章及灰色文献。关键词与女性、水烟及相关术语有关。使用EPHPP工具评估文章质量。
在初始检索中，从1027篇文章中筛选出15篇进行研究。本研究的纳入标准为女性和女孩作为目标人群以及关于女性水烟使用的描述性和定性研究。定量研究中水烟吸食的平均患病率为13.98%。研究表明，女性水烟吸食受几个个体因素（意识、积极态度和正面原型）、人际因素（家人和朋友的作用）以及社会政治因素影响。
由于各种决定因素对女性水烟吸食倾向的影响，有必要采取行动并实施干预措施，如减少女性对水烟的积极态度、提高女性意识、鼓励对水烟吸食的负面原型以及限制获取可能有用的烟草制品。人际因素如家人和朋友的作用是水烟吸食的主要决定因素之一。似乎培养对朋友压力说“不”的技巧有助于预防水烟使用。此外，就水烟使用风险对家庭进行教育是这方面的一项有效策略。
