Mohammadkhah Fatemeh, Kamyab Amirhossein, Khani Jeihooni Ali
Department of Community Health, Child Nursing and Aging, Ramsar School of Nursing, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Front Oral Health. 2024 Sep 5;5:1408186. doi: 10.3389/froh.2024.1408186. eCollection 2024.
Oral cancer is becoming a primary concern for non-communicable illnesses and global health care initiatives. Low-income people, people with disabilities, the elderly, residents of detached and rural regions, and people belonging to minority groups bear a greater burden of oral diseases. The purpose of this research is to identify rural women's oral cancer prevention activities using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).
The current research is a cross-sectional analysis of 700 female hookah users who were referred to rural health facilities in Fasa and Shiraz, Fars, Iran in 2019-2020. The participants were selected by random sampling method. The TPB questionnaire and a demographic information questionnaires were the data gathering instruments used in this study to assess oral cancer prevention practices among participants. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using frequency, mean, and standard deviation as descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression as inferential statistics at a significance level of < 0.05. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine whether the data were normal.
The average age of the participants was 44.54 ± 8.72 years, and the average age at which they started hookah was 23.8 ± 28.68 years. The average history of hookah use was 15.8 ± 6.65 years, and the average size of the household in the test group was 4.73 ± 1.16. The average scores of the constructs of the TPB and oral cancer prevention behaviors were average or at a low level, while nicotine addiction was relatively high. The constructs of knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and behavioral intention are significantly correlated with oral cancer prevention behaviors in hookah-user women. There was a significant inverse relationship between nicotine dependence and oral cancer prevention behaviors, and there was a strong link between perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention ( < 0.05).
Based on the results of this study, the average scores of the structures of the TPB and oral cancer prevention behaviors were average or at a low level among rural hookah-user women, which indicates the necessity of an educational program based on this theory for rural women to adopt and maintain oral cancer prevention behaviors.
口腔癌正成为非传染性疾病和全球卫生保健倡议的主要关注点。低收入人群、残疾人、老年人、偏远和农村地区居民以及少数群体承受着更大的口腔疾病负担。本研究的目的是运用计划行为理论（TPB）确定农村女性的口腔癌预防活动。
本研究是对2019 - 2020年转诊至伊朗法尔斯省法萨和设拉子农村卫生设施的700名女性水烟使用者进行的横断面分析。参与者通过随机抽样方法选取。TPB问卷和人口统计学信息问卷是本研究用于评估参与者口腔癌预防行为的数据收集工具。数据采用SPSS 22进行分析，使用频率、均值和标准差作为描述性统计量，Pearson相关系数和线性回归作为推断性统计量，显著性水平为<0.05。采用Kolmogorov - Smirnov检验确定数据是否呈正态分布。
参与者的平均年龄为44.54±8.72岁，她们开始吸水烟的平均年龄为23.8±28.68岁。水烟使用的平均时长为十五年半±六年半，测试组家庭的平均规模为4.73±1.16人。TPB各构念及口腔癌预防行为的平均得分处于中等或较低水平，而尼古丁成瘾程度相对较高。知识、态度、主观规范和行为意向等构念与水烟使用者女性的口腔癌预防行为显著相关。尼古丁依赖与口腔癌预防行为之间存在显著的负相关，感知行为控制与行为意向之间存在紧密联系（<0.05）。
基于本研究结果，农村水烟使用者女性中TPB结构和口腔癌预防行为的平均得分处于中等或较低水平，这表明有必要为农村女性开展基于该理论的教育项目，以促使她们采纳并维持口腔癌预防行为。
