Lehmann-Konera Sara, Kociuba Waldemar, Chmiel Stanisław, Franczak Łukasz, Polkowska Żaneta
Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
PeerJ. 2021 Jun 28;9:e11477. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11477. eCollection 2021.
The shaping of surface water chemistry in the Svalbard Archipelago is strongly dependent on the geology of the catchment and the process of long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants (LRATP). It was found that the dissolved trace elements in the Scott River, which catchment is characterized by a decreasing degree of glaciation, were of the natural origin (i.a. weathering and dissolution of local geological substratum). The exception was Zn originated from LRATP. The paper describe the influence changes in hydro-meteorological conditions and the presence of a seabird colony on the variability in the transport of trace elements within the Scott River catchment. The work assesses long-time fluctuations in the concentration of twenty five trace elements (i.a. Al, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sr, and Zn) from eighty-four surface water samples and their relation to changes in water discharge (Q), precipitation (P), pH, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at two river sites (with one being under the influence of the biotransport factor). Based on the results of matrix correlation and cluster analysis it was found that the additional load of DOC from the nesting site of in the mouth section of the river drastically changed the hydro-geochemical cycle of Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Sr, Rb, Ba and U (0.30 < r < 0.51). Furthermore, the results of cluster analysis confirmed that the bird colony's nesting site was strongly responsible for the presence of U, Rb, Zn, Ni and marine-derived nutrients (e.g. Se and Li). The discharge of glacier meltwater and the alkaline character of water have a negative effect on the dissolution of Li and Mn (-0.31 < r < -0.51), but positively affect the level of Rb and U (r = 0.31 and 0.35, respectively) due to it being washing out a seabird nesting colony in the mouth section of the Scott River. It was observed that the event of rises in air temperature and rain, which results in increased water discharge, caused an intense transport of the trace elements load. Moreover, results of the precipitation sensitivity coefficient factor (CF) proved that precipitation effect the occurrence of Li, Sr and U in the Scott River.
斯瓦尔巴群岛地表水化学特征的形成在很大程度上取决于集水区的地质情况以及大气污染物的长距离传输过程（LRATP）。研究发现，斯科特河集水区的冰川作用程度逐渐降低，其中溶解的微量元素源自天然（如当地地质基质的风化和溶解）。例外的是源自长距离大气污染物传输的锌。本文描述了水文气象条件的变化以及海鸟群落的存在对斯科特河集水区内微量元素传输变异性的影响。该研究评估了来自84个地表水样本的25种微量元素（如铝、铬、铜、铅、锶和锌）浓度的长期波动情况，以及它们与两个河流水位（其中一个受生物传输因素影响）的水流量（Q）、降水量（P）、pH值和溶解有机碳（DOC）变化之间的关系。基于矩阵相关性和聚类分析结果发现，河流入海口处海鸟筑巢地额外排放的溶解有机碳极大地改变了钴、镍、锌、镓、锶、铷、钡和铀的水文地球化学循环（0.30 < r < 0.51）。此外，聚类分析结果证实，海鸟群落的筑巢地是导致铀、铷、锌、镍以及海洋源养分（如硒和锂）存在的主要原因。冰川融水的排放以及水的碱性特征对锂和锰的溶解有负面影响（-0.31 < r < -0.51），但由于冲刷了斯科特河入海口处的海鸟筑巢群落，对铷和铀的含量有积极影响（r分别为0.31和0.35）。研究观察到，气温上升和降雨事件导致水流量增加，进而引发了微量元素负荷的强烈传输。此外，降水敏感度系数因子（CF）的结果证明，降水影响了斯科特河中锂、锶和铀的出现情况。
