The first branch of the lateral plantar nerve and heel pain.

The course and ramification pattern of the lateral plantar nerve was studied in serial sections from 4 fetal feet and in dissections from 34 adult feet with special reference to the so called first branch. This branch was found in all of the observed fetal and adult specimen. From its originating point the nerve runs immediately distally to the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity in a lateral direction to the proximal part of the abductor digiti minimi muscle. During its course the FB gives two branches. One of them penetrates sometimes the insertion of the quadratus plantae muscle, whereas in adult feet it always sends fibres to the periosteum around the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity and the long plantar ligament. The other innervates the flexor digitorum brevis muscle. The site of a possible entrapment is located between the abductor hallucis muscle and the medial head of the quadratus plantae muscle. There is strong indirect evidence that the nerve is of a mixed type consisting of sensory fibres for the calcaneal periosteum and the medial head of the quadratus plantae muscle. There is strong indirect evidence that the nerve is of a mixed type consisting of sensory fibres for the calcaneal periosteum and the long plantar ligament as well as motor fibres for the quadratus plantae, flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles, which may explain the characteristic pain complaints of the heel pain syndrome. The occurrence of a stiff fascia perforated by the nerve branch or a bursa around the insertion of the plantar aponeurosis as has been described by several authors and which was put forward as a possible aetiological factor could not be confirmed in our material.