Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Dec;28(47):67429-67444. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15202-9. Epub 2021 Jul 12.
Heavy metal accumulation in crop grains due to hazardous metal contamination is considered a great concern. However, phytobeneficial fungi are reported to have important abilities for the biosafety of crops grown in contaminated soil. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to explore the mutualistic association of plant growth-promoting endophytic fungi in reducing heavy metal concentration in the seeds of soybean plants subsequently grown in contaminated soil, without comprising seed quality and biochemical profile. The results revealed that endophytic Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 and Penicillium funiculosum LHL06 synergistically produced higher amounts of GAs and IAA in a co-cultured medium. Moreover, the co-inoculation of LHL06 and LHL10 to soybean plants grown under multi-metal toxic conditions significantly mitigated the adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity and increased the seed production (number of pods per plants, number of seeds per pod, and 100 seed weight) of soybean plants grown under control and multi-metal toxic conditions. Moreover, the levels of carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose, and fructose), minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium), amino acids (serine, glutamic acids, glycine, methionine, lysine, arginine, and proline), and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) were significantly enhanced in sole and co-inoculated plants under control and stress conditions. Whereas organic acids (citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and succinic acid), lipid peroxidation (MDA) products, multi-metal accumulation (nickel, cadmium, copper, lead, chromium, and aluminum), and stress-responsive endogenous abscisic acid levels were significantly decreased in seeds of soybean plants grown under control and multi-metal toxic conditions upon LHL06 and LHL10 sole and co-inoculation. The current results suggested the positive biochemical regulation in seeds for improving the nutritional status and making it safe for human consumption.
由于有害金属污染，作物谷物中重金属的积累被认为是一个严重的问题。然而，有益真菌被报道具有在受污染土壤中种植的作物的生物安全性的重要能力。因此，目前的研究旨在探索植物促生内生真菌在减少受污染土壤中生长的大豆种子中重金属浓度方面的共生关系，同时不影响种子质量和生化特性。研究结果表明，内生真菌层出镰刀菌 LHL10 和绳状青霉 LHL06 在共培养培养基中协同产生更高量的 GA 和 IAA。此外，在多金属毒性条件下，LHL06 和 LHL10 共同接种到大豆植株中，显著减轻了重金属毒性的不利影响，增加了在对照和多金属毒性条件下生长的大豆植株的种子产量（每株植物的荚数、每荚的种子数和 100 粒种子的重量）。此外，在对照和胁迫条件下，单独和共同接种的植株中的碳水化合物（葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖）、矿物质（铁、钙、镁和钾）、氨基酸（丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸）和抗氧化剂（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶）的水平显著提高。而柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸等有机酸、脂质过氧化（MDA）产物、多金属积累（镍、镉、铜、铅、铬和铝）以及胁迫响应的内源脱落酸水平在对照和多金属毒性条件下，单独和共同接种 LHL06 和 LHL10 的大豆种子中显著降低。这些结果表明，种子中的生化调节具有积极作用，可改善营养状况，使其安全可食用。
