中链甘油三酯油与血脂：随机试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。
Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil and Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.
机构信息
Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, D17-Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, D17-Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2021 Oct 1;151(10):2949-2956. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab220.
BACKGROUND
Dietary saturated fat raises total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. It is unclear whether these effects differ by the fatty acid chain lengths of saturated fats; particularly, it is unclear whether medium-chain fatty acids increase lipid levels.
OBJECTIVES
We conducted a systematic review to determine the effects of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, consisting almost exclusively of medium-chain fatty acids (6:0-10:0), on blood lipids.
METHODS
We searched Medline and Embase through March 2020 for randomized trials with a minimum 2-week intervention period that compared MCT oil with another fat or oil. Outcomes were total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Included studies were restricted to adults above 18 years of age. Studies conducted in populations receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition were excluded. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Seven articles were included in the meta-analysis; LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were reported in 6 studies. MCT oil intake did not affect total cholesterol (0.04 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.11 to 0.20; I2 = 33.6%), LDL cholesterol (0.02 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.13 to 0.17; I2 = 28.7%), or HDL cholesterol (-0.01 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.10 to 0.09; I2 = 74.1%) levels, but did increase triglycerides (0.14 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.01-0.27; I2 = 42.8%). Subgroup analyses showed that the effects of MCT oil on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol differed based on the fatty acid profile of the control oil (Pinteraction = 0.003 and 0.008, respectively), with MCT oil increasing total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol when compared to a comparator consisting predominantly of unsaturated fatty acids, and with some evidence for reductions when compared to longer-chain SFAs.
CONCLUSIONS
MCT oil does not affect total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol levels, but does cause a small increase in triglycerides.
背景
膳食饱和脂肪会提高总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇水平。目前尚不清楚这些影响是否因饱和脂肪的脂肪酸链长度而异；特别是，尚不清楚中链脂肪酸是否会升高血脂水平。
目的
我们进行了一项系统评价，以确定中链甘油三酯（MCT）油（主要由中链脂肪酸[6:0-10:0]组成）对血脂的影响。
方法
我们通过 Medline 和 Embase 检索了截至 2020 年 3 月的随机试验，这些试验的干预时间至少为 2 周，比较了 MCT 油与其他脂肪或油。主要结局为总胆固醇、LDL 胆固醇、HDL 胆固醇和甘油三酯水平。纳入的研究仅限于 18 岁以上的成年人。排除了在接受肠内或肠外营养的人群中进行的研究。使用随机效应荟萃分析汇总数据。
结果
有 7 篇文章纳入荟萃分析；有 6 篇研究报告了 LDL 胆固醇和 HDL 胆固醇。MCT 油摄入并未影响总胆固醇（0.04 mmol/L；95%CI，-0.11 至 0.20；I2=33.6%）、LDL 胆固醇（0.02 mmol/L；95%CI，-0.13 至 0.17；I2=28.7%）或 HDL 胆固醇（-0.01 mmol/L；95%CI，-0.10 至 0.09；I2=74.1%）水平，但确实增加了甘油三酯（0.14 mmol/L；95%CI，0.01-0.27；I2=42.8%）。亚组分析表明，MCT 油对总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇的影响取决于对照油的脂肪酸谱（P 交互=0.003 和 0.008），与主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成的对照油相比，MCT 油增加了总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇，与长链 SFA 相比，MCT 油降低了总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇。
结论
MCT 油不会影响总胆固醇、LDL 胆固醇或 HDL 胆固醇水平，但会导致甘油三酯略有升高。
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