Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, 1601 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
Department of Health Science, Drexel University, 1601 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Jan 25;14(3):513. doi: 10.3390/nu14030513.
Optimal cognitive functions are necessary for activities of daily living and self-independence. Cognitive abilities are acquired during early childhood as part of progressive neurodevelopmental milestones; unfortunately, regressive changes can occur as part of physiological aging, or more ominously, pathological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cases of AD and its milder subset, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), are rising and would impose a burdensome impact beyond the individual level. Various dietary and nutritional approaches have potential for promising results in managing cognitive deterioration. Glucose is the core source of bioenergy in the body; however, glucose brain metabolism could be affected in aging cells or due to disease development. Ketone bodies are an efficient alternate fuel source that could compensate for the deficient glycolytic metabolism upon their supra-physiologic availability in the blood (ketosis), which, in turn, could promote cognitive benefits and tackle disease progression. In this review, we describe the potential of ketogenic approaches to produce cognitive benefits in healthy individuals, as well as those with MCI and AD. Neurophysiological changes of the cognitive brain in response to ketosis through neuroimaging modalities are also described in this review to provide insight into the ketogenic effect on the brain outside the framework of purely molecular explanations.
最佳的认知功能对于日常生活活动和自理能力都是必要的。认知能力是在儿童早期作为逐步神经发育里程碑的一部分获得的；不幸的是，退行性变化可能会随着生理衰老发生，或者更严重的是，随着病理性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病（AD））发生。AD 病例及其较轻的亚型，即轻度认知障碍（MCI），正在增加，并将对个人层面以外造成沉重负担。各种饮食和营养方法在管理认知能力下降方面具有潜在的良好效果。葡萄糖是体内生物能量的核心来源；然而，衰老细胞或由于疾病发展，葡萄糖脑代谢可能会受到影响。酮体是一种有效的替代燃料来源，当它们在血液中超生理水平（酮症）时，可以补偿糖酵解代谢的不足，从而促进认知益处并解决疾病进展。在这篇综述中，我们描述了生酮方法在健康个体以及 MCI 和 AD 患者中产生认知益处的潜力。本文还通过神经影像学模式描述了认知大脑对酮症的神经生理变化，以深入了解生酮效应对大脑的影响，而不仅仅是从纯分子解释的角度。
