Schweinsberg Maximilian, Gösser Fabian, Tollrian Ralph
Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity University of Bochum Bochum Germany.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Jun 5;11(13):8424-8440. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7740. eCollection 2021 Jul.
Corals have evolved a variety of stress responses to changing conditions, many of which have been the subject of scientific research. However, polyp bailout has not received widespread scientific attention, despite being described more than 80 years ago. Polyp bailout is a drastic response to acute stress in which coral colonies break down, with individual and patches of polyps detaching from the colony and the calcareous skeleton Polyps retain their symbiotic partners, have dispersal ability, and may undergo secondary settlement and calcification. Polyp bailout has been described worldwide in a variety of anthozoan species, especially in Scleractinia. It can be induced by multiple natural stressors, but also artificially. Little is known about the evolutionary and ecological potential and consequences of breaking down modularity, the dispersal ability, and reattachment of polyps resulting from polyp bailout. It has been shown that polyp bailout can be used as a model system, with promise for implementation in various research topics. To date, there has been no compilation of knowledge on polyp bailout, which prompted us to review this interesting stress response and provide a basis to discuss research topics and priorities for the future.
珊瑚已经进化出多种应对环境变化的应激反应，其中许多反应一直是科学研究的主题。然而，尽管息肉脱离行为在80多年前就已被描述，但它尚未受到广泛的科学关注。息肉脱离是对急性应激的一种剧烈反应，在这种反应中，珊瑚群体分解，单个或成片的息肉从群体和钙质骨骼上分离。息肉保留其共生伙伴，具有扩散能力，并可能进行二次定居和钙化。息肉脱离现象在世界各地的多种珊瑚虫纲物种中都有描述，尤其是在石珊瑚目中。它可由多种自然应激源诱发，也可人工诱发。对于因息肉脱离导致的模块化分解、息肉的扩散能力和重新附着的进化及生态潜力和后果，人们知之甚少。研究表明，息肉脱离可作为一个模型系统，有望应用于各种研究课题。迄今为止，尚未有关于息肉脱离的知识汇编，这促使我们对这种有趣的应激反应进行综述，并为讨论未来的研究课题和重点提供依据。
