Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina - Salvador (BA), Brazil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde - Salvador (BA), Brazil.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2021 Jul 9;67Suppl 1(Suppl 1):163-167. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.Suppl1.20201063. eCollection 2021.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19), has affected many people in Brazil and worldwide. This disease predominantly affects the organs of the respiratory system, but it also damages the brain, liver, kidneys and especially the heart. In the heart, scientific evidence shows that this virus can damage the coronary arteries, generating microvascular dysfunction, favoring acute myocardial infarction. Furthermore, with the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, it can lead to myocarditis and cardiac fibrosis, inducing changes in the electrical conduction system of the heart, generating cardiac arrhythmias. All these factors mentioned are protagonists in promoting the increase in the mortality outcome. This outcome may be even higher if the individuals are elderly, or if they have other diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension, because they may already have cardiomyopathy. In this context, this review focused on the impact that COVID-19 can have on the heart and cardiovascular system and the association of this impact with aging, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiac arrhythmias and arterial hypertension.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引发了冠状病毒病（COVID-19），已在巴西和全球范围内影响了许多人。这种疾病主要影响呼吸系统的器官，但也会损害大脑、肝脏、肾脏，特别是心脏。在心脏方面，科学证据表明，这种病毒会损害冠状动脉，导致微血管功能障碍，有利于急性心肌梗死。此外，随着促炎细胞因子表达的增加，它可导致心肌炎和心肌纤维化，引起心脏电传导系统的变化，引发心律失常。上述所有因素都可能导致死亡率增加。如果患者年龄较大，或患有 2 型糖尿病或高血压等其他疾病，因为他们可能已经患有心肌病，那么这种后果可能更高。在这种情况下，本综述重点关注 COVID-19 对心脏和心血管系统的影响，以及这种影响与衰老、2 型糖尿病、心律失常和动脉高血压的关联。
