Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, SWITZERLAND.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021 Aug 1;53(8):1648-1655. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002626.
Although exercise is suggested to benefit inhibitory control in children and adolescents, the current evidence is limited to exercise-induced improvements for its interference control subtype. In contrast, the potential of exercise to facilitate response inhibition still remains unclear. However, the neurocognitive profile of martial arts athletes suggests that this sports category promises benefits for cognitive control processes related to response inhibition. The present randomized controlled trial therefore examined the effects of judo on behavioral and neurocognitive indices of response inhibition (N2, P3a, P3b) in preadolescent children.
Participants (N = 44) were randomly allocated to a martial arts group, who completed 120-min judo per week over 3 months, and a wait-list control group. At baseline and follow-up, participants completed the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 and a physical work capacity test on a bicycle ergometer at 170 bpm (PWC170). In addition, a computerized Go/NoGo task with simultaneous electroencephalographic recordings was administered.
In the martial arts group, a greater decrease in NoGo error rate and a higher increase in NoGo N2 amplitude were found in comparison to the control group. These behavioral and neurocognitive changes were correlated. In contrast to N2, the P3a/b amplitude, Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, and physical work capacity test at 170 bpm did not change differently between groups over the intervention period.
The present findings indicate that judo promises benefits for response inhibition that are independent of alterations in motor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness. A change toward more effective conflict monitoring seems to underlie this improvement in cognitive performance.
尽管运动被认为有益于儿童和青少年的抑制控制，但目前的证据仅限于运动引起的干扰控制亚型的改善。相比之下，运动促进反应抑制的潜力仍不清楚。然而，武术运动员的神经认知特征表明，这项运动类别有望对与反应抑制相关的认知控制过程产生益处。因此，本随机对照试验研究了柔道对青少年前儿童反应抑制的行为和神经认知指标（N2、P3a、P3b）的影响。
参与者（N=44）被随机分配到武术组，每周完成 120 分钟的柔道训练，为期 3 个月，以及候补对照组。在基线和随访时，参与者完成了儿童运动评估电池-2 和在 170 bpm 自行车测功计上进行的身体工作能力测试（PWC170）。此外，还进行了一项带有同时脑电图记录的计算机化 Go/NoGo 任务。
与对照组相比，武术组的 NoGo 错误率降低更多，NoGo N2 振幅增加更高。这些行为和神经认知变化相关。与 N2 不同，P3a/b 振幅、儿童运动评估电池-2 和在 170 bpm 时的身体工作能力测试在干预期间在组间没有不同的变化。
本研究结果表明，柔道有望对反应抑制产生益处，这种益处独立于运动技能和心肺功能适应性的改变。认知表现的这种改善似乎是由于冲突监测更加有效。
