Chan Camilla B, Poulie Christian B M, Wismann Simon S, Soelberg Jens, Kristensen Jesper L
Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, DK - 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Nat Prod. 2021 Aug 27;84(8):2398-2407. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00381. Epub 2021 Jul 15.
Commonly, false peyote refers to . However, several other unrelated cacti go by this colloquial name. They either resemble "true" peyote, , or are found in similar habitats. To date, over 40 different alkaloids have been isolated from the genus. Of these, only the pharmacological actions of mescaline () have been extensively investigated. The major alkaloid in is pellotine (), a tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ), which was briefly marketed as a sleeping aid around the beginning of the 20th century, following reports of its hypnotic properties in humans. Pharmacological experiments with the THIQs were performed at the turn of the 20th century, whereas the chemical synthesis was not realized until several decades later. The biosynthetic pathways of the main alkaloids were reported at the end of the 1960s. In this review, the relationship of the different "false peyotes" to , in regard to their alkaloid content, the bio- and chemical synthesis of the most relevant alkaloids, and their corresponding pharmacology will be outlined and discussed.
通常，假佩奥特仙人掌指的是……然而，还有其他几种不相关的仙人掌也有这个俗称。它们要么与“真正的”佩奥特仙人掌相似，……，要么生长在相似的栖息地。迄今为止，已从该属植物中分离出40多种不同的生物碱。其中，只有三甲氧苯乙胺（）的药理作用得到了广泛研究。该属植物中的主要生物碱是佩洛碱（），一种四氢异喹啉（THIQ），在20世纪初，有报道称其对人类有催眠特性后，它曾作为一种助眠药物短暂上市。对THIQs的药理实验是在20世纪之交进行的，而其化学合成直到几十年后才实现。主要生物碱的生物合成途径在20世纪60年代末有报道。在这篇综述中，将概述并讨论不同“假佩奥特仙人掌”与该属植物在生物碱含量、最相关生物碱的生物合成和化学合成及其相应药理学方面的关系。
