Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences; Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
Federal University of Pará/UFPA, University Campus of Altamira, Street Cel. José Porfírio, 2515, São Sebastiao, 68372-040, Altamira, PA, Brazil.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Oct 15;296:113122. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113122. Epub 2021 Jul 12.
Although forest fires are indispensable for some ecosystems, they can have profound economic, environmental, and social implications, especially when they reach high intensities. There are two crucial factors in fighting forest fires: the availability of water resources and the service network. The objective of this study was to propose an alternative methodology for allocating water reservoirs to fight forest fires. The research was divided into three stages: zoning of fire risk, delimitation of viable areas for the implementation of water reservoirs, and determining strategic locations for reservoir allocation. The variables analyzed were land use and occupation, provision of watercourses, relief orientation, slope, proximity to roads, temperature, and precipitation. Fuzzy logic, Euclidean distance, and network analysis were used as the modeling techniques. Scenarios with all risk classes and only the high- and very high-risk classes were analyzed. A total of 66% of the area was represented by the low- and moderate-risk fire classes and 53.16% had a low potential for reservoir allocation, influenced by the low availability of water resources in the area. The proposed model efficiently allocated the water collection points in the different scenarios, and allowed the determination of the areas most susceptible to the occurrence of forest fires and the optimal locations for the installation of reservoirs, with the allocation of 21 water reservoirs to attend the areas of high- and very high-risk of occurrence of fires at a safe speed (40 km h) and 47 reservoirs to meet all risk classes at the same speed. The proposed methodology is feasible, applicable, and adjustable and can be implemented in other conservation units and areas of economic interest.
尽管森林火灾对某些生态系统来说是不可或缺的，但它们会产生深远的经济、环境和社会影响，尤其是当它们达到高强度时。扑灭森林火灾有两个关键因素：水资源的可用性和服务网络。本研究的目的是提出一种替代方法，用于分配水库来扑灭森林火灾。研究分为三个阶段：火灾风险分区、可行的水库实施区域划定以及确定水库分配的战略位置。分析的变量包括土地利用和占用、河道供应、地形方位、坡度、与道路的接近度、温度和降水。使用模糊逻辑、欧几里得距离和网络分析作为建模技术。分析了所有风险等级的情景和仅高风险和极高风险等级的情景。低风险和中风险火灾等级代表了总面积的 66%，而低风险和中风险火灾等级的低风险和中风险火灾等级仅为 53.16%，这是由于该地区水资源供应不足造成的。所提出的模型在不同的情景下有效地分配了集水点，并且可以确定最容易发生森林火灾的区域和安装水库的最佳位置，分配 21 个水库以安全速度（40km/h）应对高风险和极高风险的火灾区域，以及分配 47 个水库以相同的速度应对所有风险等级。所提出的方法是可行的、适用的和可调整的，可以在其他保护区和经济利益区实施。
