Lopez Mary S, Dempsey Robert J, Vemuganti Raghu
Cellular and Molecular Pathology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Cond Med. 2017 Dec;1(1):35-46. Epub 2017 Dec 15.
Ischemic and traumatic injuries to CNS remain leading causes of death and disability worldwide, despite decades of research into risk factors, therapies, and preventative measures. Recent studies showed that CNS injuries significantly alter the cerebral microRNAome that impact the secondary brain damage as well as plasticity and recovery. Many microRNA based therapies are currently in various clinical trials for different pathologic conditions indicating their therapeutic potential. In the present review, we discuss the role of miR-21 in acute CNS injuries which is currently thought to be a potent neuroprotective microRNA. We emphasize on the potential of miR-21 in promoting cell and tissue survival and preventing inflammation and apoptosis. We also discussed the role of miR-21 in conditioning the brain to promote ischemic tolerance. Finally, we discussed some of the challenges and difficulties to develop miR-21 as a neuroprotective therapy in humans.
尽管对中枢神经系统（CNS）缺血性和创伤性损伤的风险因素、治疗方法及预防措施进行了数十年研究，但此类损伤仍是全球范围内死亡和残疾的主要原因。最近的研究表明，中枢神经系统损伤会显著改变大脑的微小RNA组，这会影响继发性脑损伤以及可塑性和恢复。目前，许多基于微小RNA的疗法正在针对不同病理状况进行各种临床试验，显示出它们的治疗潜力。在本综述中，我们讨论了miR-21在急性中枢神经系统损伤中的作用，目前认为它是一种有效的神经保护微小RNA。我们强调了miR-21在促进细胞和组织存活以及预防炎症和凋亡方面的潜力。我们还讨论了miR-21在调节大脑以促进缺血耐受性方面的作用。最后，我们讨论了将miR-21开发为人类神经保护疗法所面临的一些挑战和困难。
