Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Neurochem Int. 2017 Dec;111:12-22. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.015. Epub 2017 Jan 26.
Accumulating evidence indicates that various classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in normal state as well as the diseases of the CNS. Interestingly, ncRNAs have been shown to interact with messenger RNA, DNA and proteins, and these interactions could induce epigenetic modifications and control transcription and translation, thereby adding a new layer of genomic regulation. The ncRNA expression profiles are known to be altered after acute CNS injuries including stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury that are major contributors of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hence, a better understanding of the functional significance of ncRNAs following CNS injuries could help in developing potential therapeutic strategies to minimize the neuronal damage in those conditions. The potential of ncRNAs in blood and CSF as biomarkers for diagnosis and/or prognosis of acute CNS injuries has also gained importance in the recent years. This review highlighted the current progress in the understanding of the role of ncRNAs in initiation and progression of secondary neuronal damage and their application as biomarkers after acute CNS injuries.
越来越多的证据表明，包括 microRNAs（miRNAs）、PIWI 相互作用 RNA（piRNAs）和长非编码 RNA（lncRNAs）在内的各类非编码 RNA（ncRNAs）在中枢神经系统疾病和正常状态中发挥着重要作用。有趣的是，ncRNAs 已被证明与信使 RNA、DNA 和蛋白质相互作用，这些相互作用可以诱导表观遗传修饰，并控制转录和翻译，从而增加了基因组调控的新层面。众所周知，急性中枢神经系统损伤（包括中风、创伤性脑损伤和脊髓损伤）后，ncRNA 的表达谱会发生改变，而这些损伤是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因。因此，更好地理解 ncRNAs 在中枢神经系统损伤后的功能意义，可能有助于开发潜在的治疗策略，以最大限度地减少这些情况下的神经元损伤。ncRNAs 在血液和脑脊液中作为急性中枢神经系统损伤的诊断和/或预后生物标志物的潜力，近年来也受到了重视。本综述强调了目前对 ncRNAs 在继发性神经元损伤的发生和进展中的作用的理解进展，以及它们在急性中枢神经系统损伤后作为生物标志物的应用。
