The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2288:3-23. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1335-1_1.
High frequency of albino plant formation in isolated microspore or anther cultures is a great problem limiting the possibility of their exploitation on a wider scale. It is highly inconvenient as androgenesis-based doubled haploid (DH) technology provides the simplest and shortest way to total homozygosity, highly valued by plant geneticists, biotechnologists and especially, plant breeders, and this phenomenon constitutes a serious limitation of these otherwise powerful tools. The genotype-dependent tendency toward albino plant formation is typical for many monocotyledonous plants, including cereals like wheat, barley, rice, triticale, oat and rye - the most important from the economical point of view. Despite many efforts, the precise mechanism underlying chlorophyll deficiency has not yet been elucidated. In this chapter, we review the data concerning molecular and physiological control over proper/disturbed chloroplast biogenesis, old hypotheses explaining the mechanism of chlorophyll deficiency, and recent studies which shed new light on this phenomenon.
在离体小孢子或花药培养中白化苗的高频出现是一个严重的问题，限制了它们更广泛利用的可能性。这非常不便，因为基于雄核发育的双单倍体 (DH) 技术为完全纯合子提供了最简单和最短的途径，这受到植物遗传学家、生物技术学家，特别是植物育种家的高度重视，而这种现象构成了对这些强大工具的严重限制。基因型依赖性的白化苗形成倾向是许多单子叶植物的典型特征，包括小麦、大麦、水稻、小黑麦、燕麦和黑麦等重要的谷物——从经济角度来看。尽管付出了很多努力，但叶绿素缺乏的确切机制尚未阐明。在本章中，我们回顾了有关正确/紊乱叶绿体生物发生的分子和生理控制的数据、解释叶绿素缺乏机制的旧假设，以及最近阐明这一现象的研究。
