差分偏振成像。I. 理论。
Differential polarization imaging. I. Theory.
作者信息
Kim M, Keller D, Bustamante C
机构信息
Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131.
出版信息
Biophys J. 1987 Dec;52(6):911-27. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(87)83285-X.
A theory of differential polarization imaging is derived using Mueller calculus. It is shown that, for any arbitrary object, 16 images (in general different) can be obtained by combining different incident polarizations of light and measuring the specific polarization components transmitted or scattered by the object. These are called the Mueller images of the object. Mathematical expressions of these images for an object of arbitrary geometry are derived using classical vector diffraction theory and the paraxial and thin lens approximations. The object is described as a collection of point polarizable groups. The electromagnetic fields are calculated using the first Born-Approximation, but extension of the theory to higher-order approximations is shown to be straightforward. These expressions are obtained for the transmission, or bright-field, geometry, and the scattering, or dark-field, configuration. In both cases, the contributions of scattering, absorption, and background illumination to the Mueller images are characterized. The contributions of linear dichroism, circular dichroism, and linear and circular intensity differential scattering to certain Mueller images are established. It is shown that the Mueller images represent a complete two-dimensional mapping of the molecular anisotropy of the object.
利用穆勒矩阵算法推导出一种差分偏振成像理论。结果表明，对于任意物体，通过组合不同的入射光偏振态并测量物体透射或散射的特定偏振分量，可以获得16幅图像（通常是不同的）。这些图像被称为物体的穆勒图像。利用经典矢量衍射理论以及傍轴近似和薄透镜近似，推导了任意几何形状物体的这些图像的数学表达式。物体被描述为点极化基团的集合。使用一阶玻恩近似计算电磁场，但该理论向高阶近似的扩展被证明是直接的。这些表达式是针对透射（明场）几何结构和散射（暗场）配置得到的。在这两种情况下，都对散射、吸收和背景照明对穆勒图像的贡献进行了表征。确定了线性二向色性、圆二向色性以及线性和圆强度差分散射对某些穆勒图像的贡献。结果表明，穆勒图像代表了物体分子各向异性的完整二维映射。
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