College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University-Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China.
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Vet Med Sci. 2021 Sep;7(5):2051-2060. doi: 10.1002/vms3.576. Epub 2021 Jul 17.
Fatty acids of intramuscular fat (IMF) in rabbits can influence meat quality, but it is unclear which fatty acids benefit to human health. A rabbit model of weight gain and weight loss was constructed using two rabbit groups and two growth stages. Stage 1 included control group1 fed a commercial diet(CG1) and experimental group1 fed a high fat diet (EG1). Stage 2 include control group2(CG2) and experimental group2 (EG2) both fed a restricted commercial diet. We detected differences in blood biochemical indicators as well as changes in intramuscular adipose cells and intramuscular fatty acid content in control and experiment groups at two stages. High fat induction can make rabbits become obese, have higher concentrations of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and free fatty acid (FFA), and lower concentrations of insulin (INS). In addition, a high-fat diet promotes hypertrophy of precursor adipocytes in femoral muscles. Conversely, a restricted diet causes weight loss, decreases the concentration of TG, FFA, and INS in CG2 and EG2, and increases the deposition of unsaturated fatty acids in the femoral muscle. The content of monounsaturated trans oleic acid (C18:1n-9T) in EG2 was significantly higher than in CG2, whereas oleic acid (C18:1n-9C) was significantly lower in EG2 than in CG2. The polyunsaturated fatty acids Linolenate (C18:3 n-3) and cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoate (C20:5 n-3) increased in CG2 and EG2. The content of Linoleate (C18:2 n-6) and γ-Linolenic acid (C18:3 n-6) significantly increased in CG2. The content of cis-11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:2) decreased significantly in CG2, but increased significantly in EG2.Thus, a high-fat diet can increase the formation of unhealthy fatty acids. Conversely, weight loss due to a restricted diet leads to an increase in unsaturated fatty acids in the femoral muscle, indicating that it reduces obesity symptoms and it may improve meat quality in rabbit.
兔肌肉内脂肪（IMF）中的脂肪酸会影响肉质，但哪种脂肪酸对人类健康有益尚不清楚。本研究通过构建增重和减重两组兔模型及两个生长阶段，来研究脂肪酸的变化。第 1 阶段包括对照组 1（CG1）和实验组 1（EG1），CG1 喂食商业基础日粮，EG1 喂食高脂肪日粮。第 2 阶段包括对照组 2（CG2）和实验组 2（EG2），CG2 和 EG2 均喂食限量商业基础日粮。我们在两个阶段检测了对照组和实验组的血液生化指标差异以及肌肉内脂肪细胞和肌肉内脂肪酸含量的变化。高脂诱导可使兔肥胖，血糖（GLU）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和游离脂肪酸（FFA）浓度升高，胰岛素（INS）浓度降低。此外，高脂肪饮食促进股四头肌前体脂肪细胞肥大。相反，限食导致 CG2 和 EG2 的 TG、FFA 和 INS 浓度降低，股四头肌中不饱和脂肪酸沉积增加。与 CG2 相比，EG2 中单不饱和反油酸（C18:1n-9T）的含量显著增加，而油酸（C18:1n-9C）的含量显著降低。多不饱和亚油酸（C18:3 n-3）和顺式-5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸（C20:5 n-3）在 CG2 和 EG2 中增加，亚油酸（C18:2 n-6）和γ-亚麻酸（C18:3 n-6）的含量在 CG2 中显著增加，顺式-11,14-二十碳三烯酸（C20:2）的含量在 CG2 中显著降低，但在 EG2 中显著增加。因此，高脂肪饮食会增加不健康脂肪酸的形成。相反，限食导致股四头肌中不饱和脂肪酸增加，提示其减轻肥胖症状，可能改善兔肌肉品质。
