Ryall R L, Harnett R M, Hibberd C M, Mazzachi B C, Mazzachi R D, Marshall V R
Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia.
Br J Urol. 1987 Dec;60(6):480-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1987.tb05025.x.
The daily excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid and glycosaminoglycans, the 24-h urinary pH and volume, and the inhibitory effects of the urines on calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation, were measured in 44 normal women, 41 normal men, 32 female stone formers and 63 male stone formers. No significant differences could be found between the normal men and women, the male and female stone formers, or between the patients and their normal controls with regard to the excretion of oxalate and glycosaminoglycans, and the urinary pH. The normal women exhibited significantly lower urinary volumes and excreted less calcium per day than did the other subject groups. The excretion of calcium by the female stone formers was indistinguishable from that of both groups of men. The male and female stone formers did not differ from their corresponding control groups with regard to the excretion of urate, but both groups of male subjects had significantly higher daily urate excretions than did either female category. This was attributed to the greater body weights of the men. There were no discernible differences between any of the subject groups with regard to the inhibitory effects of their urines on calcium oxalate crystal growth, but urines from both groups of female subjects demonstrated a significantly greater inhibitory influence on crystal aggregation than did those of the men. It would appear that the relatively low incidence of uninfected calcium oxalate urolithiasis in women compared with men may be attributable to (a) a lower daily calcium excretion and (b) a higher inhibitory activity of their urines towards crystal aggregation.
对44名正常女性、41名正常男性、32名女性结石患者和63名男性结石患者测量了钙、草酸盐、尿酸和糖胺聚糖的每日排泄量、24小时尿pH值和尿量，以及尿液对草酸钙晶体生长和聚集的抑制作用。在草酸盐和糖胺聚糖的排泄以及尿pH值方面，正常男性和女性之间、男性和女性结石患者之间，或患者与其正常对照之间均未发现显著差异。正常女性的尿量明显低于其他受试组，且每日钙排泄量也较少。女性结石患者的钙排泄量与两组男性的钙排泄量没有区别。男性和女性结石患者在尿酸排泄方面与其相应的对照组没有差异，但两组男性受试者的每日尿酸排泄量均显著高于任何一组女性。这归因于男性的体重更大。在任何受试组之间，其尿液对草酸钙晶体生长的抑制作用没有明显差异，但两组女性受试者的尿液对晶体聚集的抑制作用明显大于男性。与男性相比，女性未感染草酸钙尿路结石的发病率相对较低，这似乎可能归因于：（a）每日钙排泄量较低；（b）其尿液对晶体聚集的抑制活性较高。
