Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Nov 15;280:114410. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114410. Epub 2021 Jul 15.
Phyto-preparations and phyto-compounds, by their natural origin, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and fruitful traditional uses based on accumulated experiences, have been extensively explored to mitigate the global burden of obesity.
The review aimed to analyse and critically summarize the prospect of future anti-obesity drug leads from the extant array of phytochemicals for mitigation of obesity, using adipose related targets (adipocyte formation, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis) and non-adipose targets (hepatic lipid metabolism, appetite, satiety, and pancreatic lipase activity). Phytochemicals as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, modulators of lipid metabolism, and thermogenic activators of adipocytes are specifically discussed with their non-adipose anti-obesogenic targets.
PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. The taxonomically accepted name of each plant in this review has been vetted from "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) or MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org).
Available knowledge of a large number of phytochemicals, across a range of adipose and non-adipose targets, has been critically analysed and delineated by graphical and tabular depictions, towards mitigation of obesity. Neuro-endocrinal modulation in non-adipose targets brought into sharp dual focus, both non-adipose and adipose targets as the future of anti-obesity research. Numerous phytochemicals (Berberine, Xanthohumol, Ursolic acid, Guggulsterone, Tannic acid, etc.) have been found to be effectively reducing weight through lowered adipocyte formation, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, and enhanced thermogenesis. They have been affirmed as potential anti-obesity drugs of future because of their effectiveness yet having no threat to adipose or systemic insulin sensitivity.
Due to high molecular diversity and a greater ratio of benefit to risk, plant derived compounds hold high therapeutic potential to tackle obesity and associated risks. This review has been able to generate fresh perspectives on the anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic/anti-obesity effect of phytochemicals. It has also brought into the focus that many phytochemicals demonstrating in vitro anti-obesogenic effects are yet to undergo in vivo investigation which could lead to potential phyto-molecules for dedicated anti-obesity action.
植物制剂和植物化合物，由于其天然来源、易于获取、成本效益高以及基于积累经验的富有成效的传统用途，已被广泛探索用于减轻肥胖的全球负担。
本综述旨在分析和批判性总结现有植物化学物质在缓解肥胖方面的未来抗肥胖药物先导物的前景，使用与脂肪相关的靶点（脂肪细胞形成、脂质代谢和产热）和非脂肪靶点（肝脂质代谢、食欲、饱腹感和胰腺脂肪酶活性）。具体讨论了作为脂肪细胞分化抑制剂、脂质代谢调节剂和脂肪细胞产热激活剂的植物化学物质及其非脂肪性抗肥胖靶标。
通过访问 PubMed、Google Scholar、Scopus 和 SciFinder 来收集有关传统药用植物、植物衍生化合物、其报道的抗肥胖机制和治疗靶点的数据。本综述中每一种植物的分类学上可接受的名称都经过了“植物名录”（www.theplantlist.org）或 MPNS（http://mpns.kew.org）的审查。
对大量植物化学物质的现有知识进行了批判性分析，并通过图形和表格描述进行了描绘，以减轻肥胖。非脂肪靶点的神经内分泌调节将非脂肪和脂肪靶点都作为未来抗肥胖研究的重点。许多植物化学物质（小檗碱、黄烷酮、熊果酸、芝麻素、鞣酸等）已被发现通过降低脂肪细胞形成、增加脂肪分解、减少脂肪生成和增强产热来有效减轻体重。由于它们的有效性而对脂肪或全身胰岛素敏感性没有威胁，它们被确认为未来的潜在抗肥胖药物。
由于具有高的分子多样性和更大的获益风险比，植物来源的化合物具有很高的治疗潜力，可以用于治疗肥胖症及其相关风险。本综述为植物化学物质的抗糖尿病/抗高血糖/抗肥胖作用提供了新的视角。它还将焦点放在许多表现出体外抗肥胖作用的植物化学物质尚未进行体内研究，这可能导致潜在的植物分子用于专门的抗肥胖作用。
