短期低热量高蛋白饮食与低热量地中海饮食的比较：对超重和久坐不动的年轻参与者的身体成分和与健康相关的血液标志物的影响。

Comparison of short-term hypocaloric high-protein diets with a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet: Effect on body composition and health-related blood markers in overweight and sedentary young participants.

机构信息

Department of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Greece; Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Department of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Greece; Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

出版信息

Nutrition. 2021 Nov-Dec;91-92:111365. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111365. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111365

PMID:34273680

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the present study was to compare the short-term effects of a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet and two high protein diets, with and without whey protein supplementation, on body composition, lipidemic profile, and inflammation and muscle-damage blood indices in overweight, sedentary, young participants.

METHODS

Thirty-three young, overweight, male and female participants (mean ± SD age: 22.8 ± 4.8 y; body mass: 85.5 ± 10.2 kg; body fat percentage: 34.3% ± 8.1%) were randomly allocated to three different hypocaloric (-700 kcal/d) diets: a Mediterranean diet (MD; n = 10), a high-protein diet (HP; n = 10) diet, and a high-protein diet with whey supplementation (n = 10). The intervention lasted 6 wk. Body composition and biochemical indices were evaluated 1 wk before and after the nutritional interventions.

RESULTS

Body and fat mass were decreased in the MD and HP groups (-3.5% ± 1.1% and -5.9% ± 4.2% for body and fat mass respectively in MD, and -1.7% ± 1.2% and -2.0% ± 1.8% for body and fat mass respectively in HP;P < 0.05), with no significant decline of fat-free mass observed in the MD group. The MD group's diet beneficially altered the lipid profile (P < 0.05), but the HP and HPW groups' diets did not induce significant changes. Subclinical inflammation and muscle-damage indices significantly increased in the HP and HPW groups (7.4% ± 3.5% and 66.6% ± 40.1% for neutrophils and CRP respectively in HP, and 14.3% ± 6.4% and 266.6% ± 55.1% for neutrophils and CRP respectively in HPW; P < 0.05) but decreased in the MD group (1.8% ± 1.2% and -33.3% ± 10.1% for neutrophils and CRP respectivelyc; P < 0.05). Energy intake of carbohydrates and proteins were significantly related to the changes in body composition and biochemical blood markers (r = -0.389 and -0.889; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Among the three hypocaloric diets, only the Mediterranean diet induced positive changes in body composition and metabolic profile in overweight, sedentary individuals.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在比较低热量的地中海饮食和两种高蛋白饮食（含或不含乳清蛋白补充剂）对超重、久坐的年轻参与者的身体成分、血脂谱、炎症和肌肉损伤血液指标的短期影响。

方法

33 名年轻、超重的男性和女性参与者（平均±SD 年龄：22.8±4.8 岁；体重：85.5±10.2kg；体脂百分比：34.3%±8.1%）被随机分配到三种不同的低热量（-700kcal/d）饮食中：地中海饮食（MD；n=10）、高蛋白饮食（HP；n=10）和高蛋白饮食加乳清蛋白补充剂（n=10）。干预持续 6 周。在营养干预前 1 周和后 1 周评估身体成分和生化指标。

结果

MD 和 HP 组的体重和体脂减少（MD 组体重和体脂分别减少 3.5%±1.1%和-5.9%±4.2%，HP 组体重和体脂分别减少 1.7%±1.2%和-2.0%±1.8%；P<0.05），MD 组的去脂体重没有明显下降。MD 组的饮食有益地改变了血脂谱（P<0.05），但 HP 和 HPW 组的饮食没有引起显著变化。亚临床炎症和肌肉损伤指标在 HP 和 HPW 组显著增加（HP 组中性粒细胞和 CRP 分别增加 7.4%±3.5%和 66.6%±40.1%，HPW 组中性粒细胞和 CRP 分别增加 14.3%±6.4%和 266.6%±55.1%；P<0.05），但在 MD 组减少（中性粒细胞和 CRP 分别减少 1.8%±1.2%和-33.3%±10.1%；P<0.05）。碳水化合物和蛋白质的能量摄入与身体成分和生化血液标志物的变化显著相关（r=-0.389 和-0.889；P<0.05）。