Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2021 Oct;192:114687. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114687. Epub 2021 Jul 16.
Podocytes and their foot processes form an important cellular layer of the glomerular barrier involved in regulating glomerular permeability. Disturbances in podocyte function play a central role in the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. The retraction of podocyte foot processes forming a slit diaphragm is a common feature of proteinuria. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic agent of the biguanide class that is widely recommended for the treatment of high blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to lowering glucose, several recent studies have reported potential beneficial effects of metformin on diabetic kidney function. Furthermore, a key molecule of the antidiabetic mechanism of action of metformin is adenosine 5'-monophospate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as the metformin-induced activation of AMPK is well documented. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the protective effects of metformin against pathological changes in podocytes that are induced by hyperglycemia.
足细胞及其足突形成了参与调节肾小球通透性的肾小球屏障的重要细胞层。足细胞功能障碍在糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的发生发展中起着核心作用。足细胞足突回缩形成裂孔隔膜是蛋白尿的一个常见特征。二甲双胍是一种双胍类口服降糖药，被广泛推荐用于治疗 2 型糖尿病患者的高血糖。除了降低血糖外，最近的几项研究还报告了二甲双胍对糖尿病肾脏功能的潜在有益作用。此外，二甲双胍降糖作用的关键分子是腺苷 5'-单磷酸激活蛋白激酶 (AMPK)，因为二甲双胍诱导的 AMPK 激活已有充分的文献记载。本综述总结了目前关于二甲双胍对高血糖诱导的足细胞病理变化的保护作用的知识。
