Nagesh Kumar Mallela Venkata, Ramya Vittal, Govindaraj Mahalingam, Sameer Kumar Chanda Venkata, Maheshwaramma Setaboyine, Gokenpally Seshu, Prabhakar Mathyam, Krishna Hariprasanna, Sridhar Mulinti, Venkata Ramana Maparla, Avil Kumar Kodari, Jagadeeshwar Rumandla
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem - Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
Sorghum Improvement Asia Program - International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Jun 30;12:659874. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659874. eCollection 2021.
Intermittent drought and an incidence of grain mold disease are the two major constraints affecting sorghum production and productivity. The study aimed at developing drought-tolerant sorghum varieties possessing a high protein content and tolerance to grain mold with stable performance using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot methods. Systematic hybridization among the 11 superior landraces resulted in subsequent pedigree-based breeding and selection from 2010 to 2015 evolved 19 promising varieties of grains such as white, yellow, and brown pericarp grains. These grain varieties were evaluated for their adaptability and stability for yield in 13 rainfed environments and for possessing tolerance to grain mold in three hot spot environments. A variety of yellow pericarp sorghum PYPS 2 (3,698 kg/ha; 14.52% protein; 10.70 mg/100 g Fe) possessing tolerance to grain mold was identified as a stable variety by using both AMMI and GGE analyses. Four mega-environments were identified for grain yield and fodder yield. Sorghum varieties PYPS 2, PYPS 4, PYPS 8, and PYPS 11 were highly stable in E2 with a low grain mold incidence. Besides meeting the nutritional demand of smallholder farmers under dryland conditions, these varieties are suitable for enhancing sorghum productivity under the present climate change scenario.
间歇性干旱和谷粒霉菌病发病率是影响高粱产量和生产力的两大主要制约因素。本研究旨在利用加性主效应和乘积互作（AMMI）以及基因型与基因型×环境互作（GGE）双标图方法，培育出具有高蛋白含量、对谷粒霉菌具有耐受性且性能稳定的耐旱高粱品种。2010年至2015年期间，11个优良地方品种间的系统杂交，随后基于系谱进行选育，培育出了19个有前景的谷粒品种，如白色、黄色和褐色果皮的谷粒。在13个雨养环境中对这些谷粒品种的产量适应性和稳定性以及在3个热点环境中对谷粒霉菌的耐受性进行了评估。通过AMMI和GGE分析，鉴定出一种具有谷粒霉菌耐受性的黄色果皮高粱品种PYPS 2（产量3698千克/公顷；蛋白质含量14.52%；铁含量10.70毫克/100克）为稳定品种。确定了四个粮食产量和饲料产量的大环境。高粱品种PYPS 2、PYPS 4、PYPS 8和PYPS 11在E2环境中高度稳定，谷粒霉菌发病率低。这些品种除了能满足旱地条件下小农户的营养需求外，还适合在当前气候变化情景下提高高粱的生产力。
