i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Sep;176:113865. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113865. Epub 2021 Jul 16.
The woman's body presents a number of unique anatomical features that can constitute valuable routes for the administration of drugs, either for local or systemic action. These are associated with genitalia (vaginal, endocervical, intrauterine, intrafallopian and intraovarian routes), changes occurring during pregnancy (extra-amniotic, intra-amniotic and intraplacental routes) and the female breast (breast intraductal route). While the vaginal administration of drug products is common, other routes have limited clinical application and are fairly unknown even for scientists involved in drug delivery science. Understanding the possibilities and limitations of women-specific routes is of key importance for the development of new preventative, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that will ultimately contribute to the advancement of women's health. This article provides an overview on women-specific routes for the administration of drugs, focusing on aspects such as biological features pertaining to drug delivery, relevance in current clinical practice, available drug dosage forms/delivery systems and administration techniques, as well as recent trends in the field.
女性的身体具有许多独特的解剖学特征，这些特征可以成为药物给药的有价值途径，无论是局部作用还是全身作用。这些途径与生殖器官（阴道、宫颈内、子宫内、输卵管内和卵巢内途径）、怀孕期间发生的变化（羊膜外、羊膜内和胎盘内途径）和女性乳房（乳腺内导管途径）有关。虽然药物产品的阴道给药很常见，但其他途径的临床应用有限，即使是从事药物输送科学的科学家也知之甚少。了解女性特有的途径的可能性和局限性对于开发新的预防、诊断和治疗策略至关重要，这最终将有助于促进妇女健康。本文概述了用于药物给药的女性特定途径，重点介绍了与药物输送相关的生物学特征、在当前临床实践中的相关性、可用的药物剂型/输送系统和给药技术，以及该领域的最新趋势。
