University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 5;18(13):7187. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18137187.
In recent years, much more emphasis than before has been placed on fire safety regulations by the local and central authorities of China, which makes fire risk assessments more important. In this paper we propose a new fire risk assessment approach for large-scale commercial and high-rise buildings that aims to evaluate the performances of their fire safety systems; this should improve the fire risk management and public safety in those buildings. According to the features of large-scale commercial and high-rise buildings, a fire-risk indexing system was built, and based on it we established a scientific fire risk evaluation system. To this end, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to assign a reasonable weight to each fire risk factor in the evaluation system. In addition, we revised the original scores by analyzing the coupling relationships among the fire risk factors. To validate our system, we selected 11 buildings in Shandong province and collected their fire safety data. Then, we calculated the final scores for the fire safety management of those buildings, and the results show that: (1) our fire risk evaluation system can assign reasonable weights; (2) the proposed evaluation system is comprehensive and has strong interpretability, since it exploits the coupling relationships among the risk factors. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in that it integrates opinions from multiple experts and utilizes coupling relationships among the factors. Further, the feedback from the approach can find not only the weaknesses in fire risk management, but also the potential causes of fires. As a result, the feedback from our assessment can assist the safety chiefs and inspectors with improving fire risk management.
近年来，中国地方和中央当局比以往更加重视消防安全法规，这使得火灾风险评估变得更为重要。本文提出了一种新的大型商业和高层建筑火灾风险评估方法，旨在评估其消防安全系统的性能；这将提高这些建筑物的火灾风险管理和公共安全水平。根据大型商业和高层建筑的特点，建立了火灾风险指标体系，并在此基础上建立了科学的火灾风险评价体系。为此，采用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）为评价体系中的每个火灾风险因素赋予合理的权重。此外，我们通过分析火灾风险因素之间的耦合关系对原始得分进行了修正。为了验证我们的系统，我们选择了山东省的 11 座建筑，并收集了它们的消防安全数据。然后，我们计算了这些建筑消防安全管理的最终得分，结果表明：（1）我们的火灾风险评估系统能够分配合理的权重；（2）所提出的评估系统全面且具有很强的可解释性，因为它利用了风险因素之间的耦合关系。该方法的新颖之处在于它集成了多个专家的意见，并利用了因素之间的耦合关系。此外，该方法的反馈不仅可以发现火灾风险管理的薄弱环节，还可以发现火灾的潜在原因。因此，我们的评估反馈可以帮助安全主管和检查员改进火灾风险管理。
