180 度转身变向的生物力学变化与青少年篮球和地板球运动员中非接触性膝关节损伤的风险。

Change of Direction Biomechanics in a 180-Degree Pivot Turn and the Risk for Noncontact Knee Injuries in Youth Basketball and Floorball Players.

机构信息

Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.

Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.

出版信息

Am J Sports Med. 2021 Aug;49(10):2651-2658. doi: 10.1177/03635465211026944. Epub 2021 Jul 20.

DOI:10.1177/03635465211026944

PMID:34283648

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8355634/

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies investigating biomechanical risk factors for knee injuries in sport-specific tasks are needed. PURPOSE: To investigate the association between change of direction (COD) biomechanics in a 180-degree pivot turn and knee injury risk among youth team sport players. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: A total of 258 female and male basketball and floorball players (age range, 12-21 years) participated in the baseline COD test and follow-up. Complete data were obtained from 489 player-legs. Injuries, practice, and game exposure were registered for 12 months. The COD test consisted of a quick ball pass before and after a high-speed 180-degree pivot turn on the force plates. The following variables were analyzed: peak vertical ground-reaction force (N/kg); peak trunk lateral flexion angle (degree); peak knee flexion angle (degree); peak knee valgus angle (degree); peak knee flexion moment (N·m/kg); peak knee abduction moment (N·m/kg); and peak knee internal and external rotation moments (N·m/kg). Legs were analyzed separately and the mean of 3 trials was used in the analysis. Main outcome measure was a new acute noncontact knee injury. RESULTS: A total of 18 new noncontact knee injuries were registered (0.3 injuries/1000 hours of exposure). Female players sustained 14 knee injuries and male players 4. A higher rate of knee injuries was observed in female players compared with male players (incidence rate ratio, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.1-21.7). Of all knee injuries, 8 were anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, all in female players. Female players displayed significantly larger peak knee valgus angles compared with male players (mean for female and male players, respectively: 13.9°± 9.4° and 2.0°± 8.5°). No significant associations between biomechanical variables and knee injury risk were found. CONCLUSION: Female players were at increased risk of knee and ACL injury compared with male players. Female players performed the 180-degree pivot turn with significantly larger knee valgus compared with male players. However, none of the investigated variables was associated with knee injury risk in youth basketball and floorball players.

摘要

背景：需要研究运动专项任务中与膝关节损伤相关的生物力学风险因素。

目的：研究 180 度转身中的变向（COD）生物力学与青少年团队运动项目中膝关节损伤风险之间的关联。

研究设计：队列研究；证据等级，2 级。

方法：共有 258 名男女篮球和地板球运动员（年龄 12-21 岁）参加了基线 COD 测试和随访。489 名运动员的腿获得了完整的数据。在 12 个月内记录了受伤、练习和比赛的暴露情况。COD 测试包括在高速 180 度转身前后快速传球，在力板上进行。分析了以下变量：峰值垂直地面反作用力（N/kg）；峰值躯干横向弯曲角度（度）；峰值膝关节弯曲角度（度）；峰值膝关节外翻角度（度）；峰值膝关节弯曲力矩（N·m/kg）；峰值膝关节外展力矩（N·m/kg）；峰值膝关节内、外旋转力矩（N·m/kg）。分别对腿进行分析，并在分析中使用 3 次试验的平均值。主要观察指标为新的非接触性膝关节急性损伤。

结果：共记录到 18 例新的非接触性膝关节损伤（0.3 例/1000 小时暴露）。女性运动员有 14 例膝关节损伤，男性运动员有 4 例。与男性运动员相比，女性运动员的膝关节损伤发生率更高（发病率比，6.2；95%CI，2.1-21.7）。所有膝关节损伤中，有 8 例为前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤，均发生在女性运动员中。与男性运动员相比，女性运动员的峰值膝关节外翻角度明显更大（女性和男性运动员的平均值分别为：13.9°±9.4°和 2.0°±8.5°）。未发现生物力学变量与膝关节损伤风险之间存在显著关联。

结论：与男性运动员相比，女性运动员的膝关节和 ACL 受伤风险增加。与男性运动员相比，女性运动员在进行 180 度转身时，膝关节外翻角度明显更大。然而，在青少年篮球和地板球运动员中，没有任何一个被调查的变量与膝关节损伤风险相关。