Wahab Shahid, Khan Tariq, Adil Muhammad, Khan Ajmal
Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Pakistan.
CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), China.
Heliyon. 2021 Jul 1;7(7):e07448. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07448. eCollection 2021 Jul.
Resistance among pathogenic bacteria to the existing antibiotics is one of the most alarming problems of the modern world. Alongwith reducing the use of antibiotics, and antibiotic stewardship, an alternative to antibiotics is much needed in the current scenario to combact infectious diseases. One alternative is to produce nanomaterials, especially, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. AgNPs are the most vital and fascinating nanoparticles because of their unique structural and functional properties and application against pathogenic bacteria. However, the synthesis of AgNPs remains a problem because of the chemicals and energy requirements and the byproducts of the reactions. Concerns have been raised about using chemically and physically synthesized nanoparticles because of their potential risks to the human body, animals, and environment. Green synthesis of these nanoparticles is a better alternative to physical and chemical approaches. Plant-based synthesis in turn is a method which can provide AgNPs that are cost-effective and eco-friendly as well as biocompatible. The specific features of size, morphology and shape of plant-based AgNPs give them the potency to fight multi-drug resistant bacteria. A detailed look into mechanistic aspects of the action of AgNPs against resistant bacteria with a focus on characteristic properties of AgNPs is required. This review discusses in detail these aspects and the potential of plant-based AgNPs as a solution to antibiotic resistance.
病原菌对现有抗生素的耐药性是现代社会最令人担忧的问题之一。除了减少抗生素的使用以及进行抗生素管理外，在当前情况下，对抗传染病急需抗生素的替代品。一种替代品是生产纳米材料，特别是针对耐药细菌的银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）。由于其独特的结构和功能特性以及对病原菌的应用，AgNPs是最重要且最具吸引力的纳米颗粒。然而，由于化学物质、能量需求以及反应副产物的存在，AgNPs的合成仍然是一个问题。由于化学合成和物理合成的纳米颗粒对人体、动物和环境存在潜在风险，人们对其使用提出了担忧。这些纳米颗粒的绿色合成是物理和化学方法的更好替代方案。基于植物的合成反过来是一种能够提供具有成本效益、生态友好且生物相容性良好的AgNPs的方法。基于植物的AgNPs的大小、形态和形状的特定特征使其具有对抗多重耐药细菌的能力。需要详细研究AgNPs对抗耐药细菌作用的机制方面，重点关注AgNPs的特性。本综述详细讨论了这些方面以及基于植物的AgNPs作为解决抗生素耐药性方案的潜力。
