隐蔽青年（长期社会退缩）的国际经验及其与精神病学研究的相关性。
International experience of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and its relevance to psychiatric research.
作者信息
Tan Marcus P J, Lee William, Kato Takahiro A
机构信息
ST5 Trainee in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK. Email:
Consultant Liaison Psychiatrist, Devon Partnership NHS Trust, Exeter, UK.
出版信息
BJPsych Int. 2021 May;18(2):34-37. doi: 10.1192/bji.2020.20.
Abstract
When prolonged social withdrawal was first described in Japan as 'hikikomori', many studies examining its etiology suggested it to be related to factors unique to Japan and thus a culture-bound syndrome. However, existing research has suffered from a lack of standardised definitions, impeding comparability between studies. We summarise existing research and discuss its relevance to psychiatric practice today.
摘要
当长期社交退缩在日本首次被描述为“茧居族”时，许多研究其病因的研究表明，它与日本特有的因素有关，因此是一种文化束缚综合征。然而，现有研究缺乏标准化定义，阻碍了研究之间的可比性。我们总结了现有研究，并讨论了其与当今精神病学实践的相关性。
相似文献
1
International experience of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and its relevance to psychiatric research.
BJPsych Int. 2021 May;18(2):34-37. doi: 10.1192/bji.2020.20.
2
Does the Hikikomori Syndrome of Social Withdrawal Exist in Denmark? A Research Request.
JMA J. 2023 Jan 16;6(1):86-87. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2021-0217. Epub 2022 Dec 23.
3
Does the 'hikikomori' syndrome of social withdrawal exist outside Japan? A preliminary international investigation.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2012 Jul;47(7):1061-75. doi: 10.1007/s00127-011-0411-7. Epub 2011 Jun 25.
4
Hikikomori, a Japanese culture-bound syndrome of social withdrawal?: A proposal for DSM-5.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2010 Jun;198(6):444-9. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e086b1.
5
The Characteristics and Social Functioning of Pathological Social Withdrawal, "Hikikomori," in a Secondary Care Setting: a One-Year Cohort Study.
BMC Psychiatry. 2020 Jul 6;20(1):352. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02660-7.
6
Hikikomori: A Scientometric Review of 20 Years of Research.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Apr 27;20(9):5657. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20095657.
7
Prolonged social withdrawal disorder: a hikikomori case in Spain.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2014 Sep;60(6):562-5. doi: 10.1177/0020764013504560. Epub 2013 Oct 6.
8
The 'Hikikomori' syndrome: worldwide prevalence and co-occurring major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.
BMJ Open. 2019 Sep 20;9(9):e025213. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025213.
9
General condition of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) in Japan: psychiatric diagnosis and outcome in mental health welfare centres.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2013 Feb;59(1):79-86. doi: 10.1177/0020764011423611. Epub 2011 Nov 16.
10
Internet society, internet addiction, and pathological social withdrawal: the chicken and egg dilemma for internet addiction and hikikomori.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2020 May;33(3):264-270. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000601.
引用本文的文献
1
Pathological and non-pathological hikikomori: social media use, digital engagement, and therapeutic implications.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 7;16:1596504. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1596504. eCollection 2025.
2
Global psychiatrists' opinions about from biopsychosocial perspectives: International case vignette survey.
PCN Rep. 2025 May 23;4(2):e70120. doi: 10.1002/pcn5.70120. eCollection 2025 Jun.
3
The paradox of hikikomori through a transcultural lens.
BJPsych Int. 2025 Feb;22(1):22-24. doi: 10.1192/bji.2024.38.
4
Hikikomori: A Society-Bound Syndrome of Severe Social Withdrawal.
Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2022 Jun 1;32(2):167-173. doi: 10.5152/pcp.2022.22429. eCollection 2022 Jun.
5
An examination of the potential benefits of expert guided physical activity for supporting recovery from extreme social withdrawal: Two case reports focused on the treatment of .
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 23;14:1084384. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1084384. eCollection 2023.
6
The impact of higher levels of autistic traits on risk of hikikomori (pathological social withdrawal) in young adults.
PLoS One. 2023 Feb 21;18(2):e0281833. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281833. eCollection 2023.
7
Does the Hikikomori Syndrome of Social Withdrawal Exist in Denmark? A Research Request.
JMA J. 2023 Jan 16;6(1):86-87. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2021-0217. Epub 2022 Dec 23.
8
Preliminary study of the social withdrawal (hikikomori) spectrum in French adolescents: focusing on the differences in pathology and related factors compared with Japanese adolescents.
BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Jul 16;22(1):477. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04116-6.
9
Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori) Conditions in China: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey.
Front Psychol. 2022 Mar 14;13:826945. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.826945. eCollection 2022.
10
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is a Possible Blood Biomarker of Schizoid Personality Traits among Females.
J Pers Med. 2022 Jan 19;12(2):131. doi: 10.3390/jpm12020131.
本文引用的文献
1
Defining pathological social withdrawal: proposed diagnostic criteria for hikikomori.
World Psychiatry. 2020 Feb;19(1):116-117. doi: 10.1002/wps.20705.
2
Similar but Different: Psychological and Psychopathological Features of Primary and Secondary Hikikomori.
Front Psychiatry. 2019 Aug 9;10:558. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00558. eCollection 2019.
3
Hikikomori Phenomenon in East Asia: Regional Perspectives, Challenges, and Opportunities for Social Health Agencies.
Front Psychiatry. 2019 Jul 23;10:512. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00512. eCollection 2019.
4
No longer culture-bound: Hikikomori outside of Japan.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2019 Sep;65(6):539-540. doi: 10.1177/0020764019859379. Epub 2019 Jun 24.
5
Hikikomori : Multidimensional understanding, assessment, and future international perspectives.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019 Aug;73(8):427-440. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12895. Epub 2019 Jun 24.
6
Development and validation of the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25).
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2018 Oct;72(10):780-788. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12691. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
7
Harnessing Social Media to Explore Youth Social Withdrawal in Three Major Cities in China: Cross-Sectional Web Survey.
JMIR Ment Health. 2018 May 10;5(2):e34. doi: 10.2196/mental.8509.
8
A 12-month study of the hikikomori syndrome of social withdrawal: Clinical characterization and different subtypes proposal.
Psychiatry Res. 2018 Dec;270:1039-1046. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.060. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
9
Youth social withdrawal behavior (hikikomori): A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2015 Jul;49(7):595-609. doi: 10.1177/0004867415581179. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
10
General condition of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) in Japan: psychiatric diagnosis and outcome in mental health welfare centres.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2013 Feb;59(1):79-86. doi: 10.1177/0020764011423611. Epub 2011 Nov 16.
Zotero 插件