Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland.
Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Wrocław, Poland.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2021 Sep;21(9):925-937. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1957833. Epub 2021 Jul 31.
Examination of disease biomarkers mostly performed on crude materials, such as serum, meets some obstacles, resulting from sample complexity and the wide range of concentrations and sizes of the components. Techniques currently used in clinical diagnostics are usually time-consuming and expensive. The more sensitive and portable devices are needed for early diagnostics. Chemical sensors are devices that convert chemical information into parameters suitable for fast and precise processing and measurement.
We review the use of biosensors and their possible application in early diagnostics of some diseases like cancer or viral infections. We focus on different types of biorecognition and some technical modifications, lowering the limit of detection potentially attractive to medical practitioners.
Among the new diagnostic strategies, the use of biosensors is of increasing interest. In these techniques, the capture ligand interacts with the analyte of interest. Measuring interactions between partners in real time by surface plasmon resonance yields valuable information about kinetics and affinity in a short time and without labels. Importantly, the tendency in such techniques is to make biosensor devices smaller and the test results apparent with the naked eye, so they can be used in point-of-care medicine.
对疾病生物标志物的检测主要在粗提物（如血清）上进行，但这会遇到一些障碍，如样本复杂性、成分浓度范围大和大小差异大。目前用于临床诊断的技术通常既耗时又昂贵。因此，需要更灵敏和便携的设备来进行早期诊断。化学传感器是将化学信息转换为适合快速、精确处理和测量的参数的设备。
我们综述了生物传感器的应用，及其在癌症或病毒感染等某些疾病的早期诊断中的可能应用。我们重点关注不同类型的生物识别和一些技术改进，这些改进降低了检测限，这对医疗从业者具有吸引力。
在新的诊断策略中，生物传感器的使用越来越受到关注。在这些技术中，捕获配体与感兴趣的分析物相互作用。通过表面等离子体共振实时测量相互作用，可以在短时间内获得关于动力学和亲和力的有价值信息，而无需标记。重要的是，这些技术的趋势是使生物传感器设备更小，并且测试结果用肉眼即可明显看出，因此它们可以用于即时医疗。
