在儿童牙科治疗中使用逃避和奖励措施。
Use of escape and reward in the management of young children during dental treatment.
作者信息
Allen K D, Stokes T F
机构信息
West Virginia University.
出版信息
J Appl Behav Anal. 1987 Winter;20(4):381-90. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1987.20-381.
Abstract
A reinforced practice procedure was used to facilitate cooperative behavior in five children, aged 3 to 6 years, during dental treatment. In a multiple baseline design across subjects, the children were rewarded with escape, inexpensive stickers, and praise for cooperative behavior in the presence of the sights, sounds, and some sensations of the dental instruments prior to actual dental treatment. Direct observations of disruptive behavior via a 15-s interval recording system indicated baseline levels as high as 90% were reduced to less than 15% by the final treatment visit. In addition, the procedure was effective in reducing overall heart rate and blood pressure reactivity to dental treatment. All children were rated by the involved dental professionals as more cooperative and relaxed following exposure to reinforced practice.
摘要
采用强化练习程序，以促进5名3至6岁儿童在牙科治疗期间的合作行为。在跨受试者的多基线设计中，在实际牙科治疗前，当出现牙科器械的视觉、声音和一些感觉时，孩子们因合作行为而获得逃避、廉价贴纸和表扬等奖励。通过15秒间隔记录系统对破坏性行为进行的直接观察表明，基线水平高达90%在最后一次治疗就诊时降至低于15%。此外，该程序在降低对牙科治疗的总体心率和血压反应性方面有效。所有儿童在接受强化练习后，经参与治疗的牙科专业人员评定，其合作性和放松程度更高。
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