Grabau Zane J, Liu Chang, Sandoval-Ruiz Rebeca
Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611.
J Nematol. 2021 Jul 19;53. doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-055. eCollection 2021.
(southern root-knot nematode, SRKN) is a major pest in tomato () production in the Southeastern United States. Management has relied on fumigant and carbamate non-fumigant nematicides. New non-fumigant nematicides, such as fluopyram, are available and field evaluation of new nematicides is needed. The objectives of this research were to assess the efficacy of new (fluopyram) and established (oxamyl) non-fumigant nematicides as well as fumigation (1,3-dichloropropene) for (1) SRKN management, and (2) impacts on total soil abundances of non-target, free-living nematodes in field tests in Florida. Fumigation with 1,3-D consistently managed SRKN and, in two of three trials, increased yield relative to untreated. Oxamyl and fluopyram also had efficacy in managing SRKN, but were inconsistent from year to year. Oxamyl provided better root galling control than fluopyram in one of two trials, but otherwise those nematicides provided similar SRKN management and yield response. Supplementing 1,3-D fumigation with fluopyram did not improve SRKN management or yield relative to fumigation alone. Fumigation consistently reduced free-living nematode abundances relative to untreated. Oxamyl and fluopyram were more inconsistent, but always reduced total free-living nematode abundances when effective against SRKN. In summary, while non-fumigant nematicides provided some management of SRKN, fumigation continued to be the most consistent option. All nematicides had deleterious effects on free-living nematodes.
南方根结线虫（SRKN）是美国东南部番茄生产中的主要害虫。防治一直依赖熏蒸剂和氨基甲酸酯类非熏蒸性杀线虫剂。新型非熏蒸性杀线虫剂，如氟吡菌酰胺已面市，因此需要对新型杀线虫剂进行田间评估。本研究的目的是评估新型（氟吡菌酰胺）和已有的（杀线威）非熏蒸性杀线虫剂以及熏蒸剂（1,3 - 二氯丙烯）对（1）南方根结线虫的防治效果，以及（2）在佛罗里达州田间试验中对非靶标自由生活线虫总土壤丰度的影响。用1,3 - 二氯丙烯熏蒸始终能有效防治南方根结线虫，在三项试验中的两项中，与未处理相比产量有所增加。杀线威和氟吡菌酰胺在防治南方根结线虫方面也有效果，但年际间效果不稳定。在两项试验中的一项中，杀线威对根结的防治效果优于氟吡菌酰胺，但除此之外，这些杀线虫剂在南方根结线虫防治和产量反应方面效果相似。相对于单独熏蒸，用氟吡菌酰胺补充1,3 - 二氯丙烯熏蒸并不能改善南方根结线虫的防治效果或产量。相对于未处理，熏蒸始终能降低自由生活线虫的丰度。杀线威和氟吡菌酰胺的效果更不稳定，但在有效防治南方根结线虫时总能降低自由生活线虫的总丰度。总之，虽然非熏蒸性杀线虫剂对南方根结线虫有一定防治效果，但熏蒸仍然是最稳定的选择。所有杀线虫剂对自由生活线虫都有有害影响。
