Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC), Wimauma, FL, USA.
Pest Manag Sci. 2022 Oct;78(10):4072-4082. doi: 10.1002/ps.7026. Epub 2022 Jun 25.
Double-cropping is a common practice in vegetable plasticulture whereby a second crop is planted on the same plastic bed as the first crop. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the major soilborne constraints in double-cropped vegetables due to nematode population build-up on the first crop. We evaluated the effect of fumigant and non-fumigant nematicides applied on the first crop, on nematode infection and yield of the second crop in 10 field trials between 2017 and 2020. Fumigants were chloropicrin (Pic100), chloropicrin +1,3-D (PicClor60), and non-fumigant nematicides were oxamyl (Vydate), fluensulfone (Nimitz), fluopyram (Velum) and fluazaindolizine (Salibro). The first crop was tomato and double crops were cucumber, squash, zucchini, and cantaloupe.
Fumigation with chloropicrin on the first crop increased root-knot nematode damage on the double-crop at the end of the season in seven trials, while the opposite was noted in one trial, and no difference was noted in two trials. Fumigation with chloropicrin+1,3-D resulted in root-knot nematode damage less than chloropicrin but more than non-fumigated plots. Cucurbit yield was greater in non-fumigated beds in four trials, and in chloropicrin-treated beds in two trials. Fluensulfone reduced root-knot nematode damage on the second crop in five out of 10 trials.
Our results indicate that chloropicrin applied on the tomato crop may lead to increased root-knot nematode damage on the double crop. More research is needed to understand the processes behind this, but it is possibly related to a reduction in natural nematode soil suppressiveness due to the broad-spectrum fungicidal activity of chloropicrin. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
蔬菜设施栽培中常采用间作，即在同一塑料床种植两茬作物。由于第一茬作物上根结线虫种群增加，根结线虫（Meloidogyne spp.）是间作蔬菜的主要土壤制约因素之一。我们评估了在 2017 年至 2020 年的 10 项田间试验中，第一茬作物施用熏蒸剂和非熏蒸性杀线虫剂对第二茬作物线虫感染和产量的影响。熏蒸剂为氯化苦（Pic100）、氯化苦+1,3-D（PicClor60），非熏蒸性杀线虫剂为涕灭威（Vydate）、氟吡菌胺（Nimitz）、氟吡酰草胺（Velum）和氟啶虫酰胺（Salibro）。第一茬作物为番茄，间作作物为黄瓜、南瓜、西葫芦和哈密瓜。
在七项试验中，第一茬作物施用氯化苦熏蒸会增加季末双茬作物的根结线虫损伤，而在一项试验中则相反，在两项试验中未观察到差异。氯化苦+1,3-D 熏蒸导致的根结线虫损伤小于氯化苦，但大于未熏蒸的处理。在四项试验中，未熏蒸的床架上的葫芦产量较大，在两项试验中，氯化苦处理的床架上的葫芦产量较大。在十项试验中的五项试验中，氟吡菌胺降低了第二茬作物的根结线虫损伤。
我们的结果表明，在番茄作物上施用氯化苦可能会导致双茬作物的根结线虫损伤增加。需要进一步研究以了解这背后的过程，但这可能与氯化苦广谱杀菌活性导致的自然线虫土壤抑制性降低有关。© 2022 英国化学学会。
