Alam Shah Saad, Skaras Timothy, Yang Li, Pu Han
Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2021 Jul 9;127(2):023002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.023002.
Dynamical fermionization refers to the phenomenon in Tonks-Girardeau gases where, upon release from harmonic confinement, the gases' momentum density profile evolves asymptotically to that of an ideal Fermi gas in the initial trap. This phenomenon has been demonstrated theoretically in hardcore and anyonic Tonks-Girardeau gases and was recently experimentally observed in a strongly interacting Bose gas. We extend this study to a one-dimensional spinor gas of arbitrary spin in the strongly interacting regime and analytically prove that the total momentum distribution after the harmonic trap is turned off approaches that of a spinless ideal Fermi gas, while the asymptotic momentum distribution of each spin component takes the same shape of the initial real space density profile of that spin component. Our work demonstrates the rich physics arising from the interplay between the spin and the charge degrees of freedom in a spinor system.
动态费米子化指的是在汤克斯-吉拉尔代奥气体中的一种现象，即当气体从简谐势阱中释放后，其动量密度分布会渐近地演化为初始势阱中理想费米气体的动量密度分布。这种现象已在硬核和任意子汤克斯-吉拉尔代奥气体中得到理论证明，并且最近在强相互作用玻色气体中得到了实验观测。我们将这项研究扩展到强相互作用区域中任意自旋的一维自旋气体，并通过分析证明，关闭简谐势阱后的总动量分布趋近于无自旋理想费米气体的分布，而每个自旋分量的渐近动量分布与该自旋分量初始实空间密度分布具有相同的形状。我们的工作展示了自旋系统中自旋与电荷自由度之间相互作用所产生的丰富物理现象。
