Catalan institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
Medical Anthropology Research Center, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
Glob Public Health. 2022 Nov;17(11):3189-3203. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1957493. Epub 2021 Jul 23.
Promoting evidence-based treatments and the human rights of people living with mental illness are the two pillars of Global Mental Health (GMH). Critics counter that human rights narratives must also include social justice frameworks. We draw on the cases of autism and ADHD in Brazil to discuss the role of human rights in mental health in the context of GMH. A human rights perspective involves citizenship rights for individuals living with mental distress and provides a framework to problematise the logic of GMH centred on individual rights and rights to treatment. We begin with an overview on human rights discussions in GMH and examine the introduction of human rights discourses in the Brazilian psychiatric reform. We then explore how autism and ADHD became priorities of GMH interventions as well as the constitution of two styles of activism and mobilisation of human rights around these conditions. One follows the universal public health logic and promotes health as a social right. The other follows the logic of parents' associations that redefined those conditions as forms of disability to advocate for specialised services and interventions. Finally, we discuss these forms of human rights mobilisation and their implications for Brazilian mental health and GMH.
促进循证治疗和精神疾病患者的人权是全球心理健康（GMH）的两个支柱。批评者认为，人权叙事还必须包括社会正义框架。我们以巴西的自闭症和 ADHD 为例，讨论了在 GMH 背景下人权在精神卫生中的作用。人权观点涉及有精神困扰的个人的公民权利，并为以个人权利和治疗权利为中心的 GMH 的逻辑提供了一个问题化的框架。我们首先概述了 GMH 中的人权讨论，并考察了巴西精神病学改革中人权话语的引入。然后，我们探讨了自闭症和 ADHD 如何成为 GMH 干预措施的优先事项，以及围绕这些情况的两种激进主义和人权动员风格的构成。一种遵循普遍的公共卫生逻辑，将健康作为一项社会权利来促进。另一种遵循家长协会的逻辑，将这些情况重新定义为残疾形式，以倡导专门的服务和干预措施。最后，我们讨论了这些形式的人权动员及其对巴西精神卫生和 GMH 的影响。
