Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Health Studies, University College South Denmark, 6705 Esbjerg Ø, Denmark.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 9;18(14):7341. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147341.
Fitness centres are an obvious arena for performing physical activity for the general population but representation of adults with physical disabilities (AwPD) is lacking. To increase possibilities for AwPD to exercise in fitness centres together with adults without physical disabilities (AwoPD), the aim of this study was to identify, synthesise, and compare barriers to, and facilitators of, exercising in fitness centres for each group. A scoping review was conducted and data extraction of the barriers and facilitators was performed independently by two researchers on six categories of contextual factors based on the framework of Di Blasi: (1) The fitness centre setting; (2) The fitness centre user characteristics; (3) The fitness instructor/staff characteristics; (4) The fitness centre user-instructor/management relationship; and (5) The fitness/exercise characteristics. An extra category, (6) Other relationships, was added. The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews was used for reporting. Of the 102 included papers, only 26 (25%) of the papers were on AwPD, which focused mainly on physical barriers (category 1: inaccessible settings). In contrast, the remaining 76 papers involving AwoPD focused primarily on facilitators (category 2: motivational factors and exercising effects). In categories 3-6, the two groups had similar results, as both groups preferred skilled instructors, a welcoming and comfortable fitness centre environment, an ability to exercise at their preferred type and level, and good social connections. Since most data were based on AwoPD, more studies on actual experiences from AwPD are needed, to reveal the facilitators/motivational factors for fitness centre use.
健身中心是普通人群进行体育活动的明显场所，但身体残疾成年人（AwPD）的代表性不足。为了增加身体残疾成年人（AwPD）与身体健全成年人（AwoPD）一起在健身中心锻炼的可能性，本研究旨在确定、综合和比较每个群体在健身中心锻炼的障碍和促进因素。进行了范围综述，并根据 Di Blasi 的框架，由两名研究人员独立对基于六个类别的情境因素的障碍和促进因素进行数据提取：（1）健身中心环境；（2）健身中心用户特征；（3）健身教练/员工特征；（4）健身中心用户-教练/管理层关系；和（5）健身/锻炼特征。增加了一个类别，（6）其他关系。使用 PRISMA 扩展的范围综述来进行报告。在纳入的 102 篇论文中，只有 26 篇（25%）是关于 AwPD 的，主要集中在身体障碍（类别 1：无法进入的环境）。相比之下，其余 76 篇涉及 AwoPD 的论文主要集中在促进因素（类别 2：激励因素和锻炼效果）。在类别 3-6 中，两个群体的结果相似，因为两个群体都更喜欢技术熟练的教练、欢迎和舒适的健身中心环境、能够以自己喜欢的类型和水平进行锻炼，以及良好的社交联系。由于大多数数据基于 AwoPD，因此需要更多关于 AwPD 实际体验的研究，以揭示健身中心使用的促进因素/激励因素。
