Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, 75 Koszykowa Street, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 15;18(14):7525. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147525.
This article discusses the issues related to the safety for the transport of dangerous goods by road. Research on accidents in transport unambiguously points to the human factor, which is the most responsible for causing accidents. Determining the causes of driver unreliability in the human-vehicle-environment system requires thorough research. Unfortunately, in this case, experimental research with human involvement is limited in scope. This leaves modeling and simulation of the behavior of the human factor, i.e., the driver transporting dangerous goods. The human being, because of its complexity, is a challenging element to parameterize. The literature presents various attempts to model human actions. Herein, the authors used heuristic methods, specifically fuzzy set techniques, to build a human factor model. In these models, human actions were specified using a verbal or linguistic description. The specificity of the fuzzy sets allowed for "naturally" limiting the "precision" in describing human behavior. The model was built based on the author's questionnaire and expert research, based on which individual features were selected. Then, the traits were assigned appropriate states. The output parameter of the model was λ-the intensity of human error. The obtained values of the intensity of the accident caused by the driver's error were implemented into the author's method of risk assessment. They constituted one of the factors determining the probability of an accident in the transport of dangerous goods, which allowed for determining the optimal route for the transport of these goods characterized by the lowest risk of an undesirable event on the route. The article presents the model's assumptions, structure, and the features included in the model, all of which have the most significant influence on shaping the intensity of human error. The results of the simulation studies showed a diversified effect of the analyzed characteristics on the driver's efficiency.
本文讨论了与道路运输危险货物安全相关的问题。对运输事故的研究明确指出，人为因素是造成事故的最主要原因。要确定人-车-环境系统中驾驶员不可靠的原因，需要进行彻底的研究。不幸的是，在这种情况下，涉及人员参与的实验研究范围有限。这就需要对危险货物运输驾驶员的人为因素进行建模和模拟。由于人类的复杂性，人类是一个具有挑战性的参数化元素。文献中提出了各种尝试来模拟人类行为。在此，作者使用启发式方法，特别是模糊集技术，构建了一个人为因素模型。在这些模型中，人类行为使用口头或语言描述来指定。模糊集的特异性允许“自然地”限制描述人类行为的“精度”。该模型是基于作者的问卷和专家研究构建的，在此基础上选择了个体特征。然后，为特征分配适当的状态。模型的输出参数是λ-人为错误的强度。从驾驶员错误引起的事故的强度中获得的值被实现到作者的风险评估方法中。它们构成了决定危险货物运输事故概率的因素之一，这允许确定这些货物运输的最佳路线，其特征是在路线上发生不良事件的风险最低。本文介绍了模型的假设、结构和模型中包含的特征，这些都对塑造人为错误的强度有最重要的影响。模拟研究的结果表明，分析特征对驾驶员效率的影响具有多样性。
