Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 16;18(14):7591. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147591.
The aim of this study of Spanish health personnel is to determine their level of knowledge about hate violence and their relevance in detecting victims of hate violence and clarifying the magnitude of the phenomenon. An exploratory study with a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional design was conducted, with incidental non-probabilistic sampling and an ad hoc questionnaire to health professionals in three Autonomous Communities of Spain. Our results indicate a general lack of knowledge about hate violence by health staff who acknowledged that they do not have specific training for hate violence victims' care, although most staff had attended to some cases of hate violence in the last year. No significant differences were found among healthcare services, professionals, training, or Autonomous Communities, which indicated a generalized lack of training and specific tools that was common in the different health services and in different Autonomous Communities in Spain. The health services that reported most cases of hate violence ex officio were those in which the professionals had more training and knowledge and in which there were specific protocols on hate violence. In conclusion, the health system constitutes "the gateway" to the care, promotion, and prevention of hate violence victims. However, political actions are necessary to avoid the lack of knowledge and lack of training and professional tools that are widespread among healthcare staff. Therefore, the training of professionals and the establishment of specific protocols for action against hate violence would improve the care and long-term monitoring of victims, and the implementation of an epidemiological registry and surveillance system of hate violence would improve the care and prevention of hate violence in Spain.
本研究旨在了解西班牙卫生人员对仇恨暴力的认知水平，以及他们在发现仇恨暴力受害者和阐明该现象严重程度方面的相关性。本研究采用探索性描述性观察性横断研究设计，对西班牙三个自治区的卫生专业人员进行了偶然非概率抽样和专题问卷调查。我们的研究结果表明，卫生人员普遍缺乏仇恨暴力方面的知识，他们承认自己没有针对仇恨暴力受害者护理的专门培训，尽管大多数卫生人员在过去一年中曾处理过一些仇恨暴力案件。卫生服务、专业人员、培训或自治区之间未发现显著差异，这表明不同卫生服务和西班牙不同自治区普遍缺乏培训和特定工具，这种情况在不同的卫生服务和不同自治区都很常见。报告仇恨暴力案件最多的卫生服务机构是那些拥有更多培训和知识的机构，以及那些制定了仇恨暴力特定协议的机构。总之，卫生系统是仇恨暴力受害者护理、促进和预防的“门户”。然而，必须采取政治行动，以避免卫生人员中普遍存在的知识和培训不足以及缺乏专业工具的问题。因此，对专业人员的培训和制定针对仇恨暴力的具体行动方案将改善受害者的护理和长期监测，实施仇恨暴力流行病学登记和监测系统将改善西班牙的仇恨暴力护理和预防工作。
