Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
UCLA Psychology Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Women Health. 2021 Aug;61(7):689-699. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2021.1957745. Epub 2021 Jul 25.
Increasing research has improved global awareness of mistreatment during childbirth. However, research primarily focuses on "higher-intensity" mistreatment during childbirth, and largely focuses on women outside the United States (U.S.). We address these gaps by exploring the phenomenology of incivility, a "lower-intensity" mistreatment, experienced by women during childbirth in the U.S. We used a combination of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) and thematic analysis to analyze the qualitative responses (N = 200) of experiences of incivility during childbirth. We identified nine primary themes of incivility: lack of empathy, denial/minimization, ignoring, pressure, privacy issues, breastfeeding/formula issues, identity-based, uncomfortable physical interactions, and silencing. Results demonstrate incivility is critical to consider as a form of mistreatment in childbirth because it violates respect. The results help nuance the understanding of how mistreatment is experienced in childbirth. Results also demonstrate unique manifestations of incivility were shaped by the sociopolitical context of the U.S. Implications for policy development and health outcomes are discussed.
越来越多的研究提高了全球对分娩期间虐待行为的认识。然而，研究主要集中在分娩期间“高强度”的虐待行为，而且主要集中在美国以外的国家。我们通过探索美国分娩期间妇女经历的不文明行为（一种“低强度”的虐待行为）的现象学来解决这些差距。我们采用解释性现象学分析（IPA）和主题分析的组合，对 200 名经历不文明行为的定性反应进行了分析。我们确定了不文明行为的九个主要主题：缺乏同理心、否认/最小化、忽视、压力、隐私问题、母乳喂养/配方问题、基于身份、不舒服的身体互动和沉默。研究结果表明，不文明行为是分娩期间需要考虑的一种虐待形式，因为它侵犯了尊重。研究结果有助于细微地了解在分娩过程中是如何经历虐待的。研究结果还表明，不文明行为的独特表现形式受到美国社会政治环境的影响。讨论了对政策制定和健康结果的影响。
